Proto-Vaniuan language

Proto-Vaniuan is a hypothetical common language that has had controversy in regards to the ethnicities involved. It is assumed that the proto language existed possibly between 3,000 and 1,000 BCE before the spread of horseback riding. Main controversies exist in regard to the several languages that exist such as the word "good" in Vaniuan which is assumed to be /kit/ is ⟨çkhi⟩ /çkʰʲ/ in Ohanian and ⟨vié⟩ /vjé/ in Shohuanese.

Phonology

Consonants

Dai Riau's Theory

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	⟨m⟩ /m/	⟨n⟩ /n/		⟨ñ⟩ /ŋ/
Plosive	⟨p⟩ /p/ ⟨ph⟩ /pʰ/	⟨t⟩ /t/ ⟨th⟩ /tʰ/ ⟨d⟩ /d~ɮ/ ⟨š⟩ /t~tʰs/	⟨c⟩ /c~kʲ/ ⟨cw⟩ /cʷ~kʷʲ/	⟨k⟩ /k/ ⟨kh⟩ /kʰ/ ⟨kw⟩ /kʷ~kw/ ⟨kwh⟩ /kʰʷ/
Fricative		⟨s⟩ /s/ ⟨hs⟩ /sʰ~hs/ ⟨ss⟩ /sː~ʃ~ç/ ⟨sc⟩ /sʰː~ʃː~çː/		⟨h¹⟩ /x~sʲ~h/ ⟨h²⟩ /x~xʷ~hʷ~h̪͆/ ⟨h³⟩ /ꭓ~h~ʔ~ʕ/
Lateral app.		⟨l¹⟩ /r~l~ɺ/ ⟨l²⟩ /ɫ~ʟ/

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e¹ e²		o¹ o²
Open		ä

Corresponding Sets

Proto-Vaniuan	Classical West Vaniuan	Old Ohan	Proto-East Vaniuan	Old South Vaniuan
/m/	/m*/	/b*/	/mʲ*/	/m*/
/n/	/n*/	/n*/	/nʲ*/	/n*/
/ŋ/	/nd*/	/n*/	/ŋ*/	/ng*/
/t/	/d*/	/k*/	/d~t*/	/t*/	/tʰ/	/t*/	/kʰ*/	/θ*/	/θ*/
/ɮ/	/t*/	/n*/	/t*/	/dl*/
/tʰs/	/t*/	/ʃ*/	/tʰ*/	/tʃ*/
/c~kʲ/	/k*/	/s*/	/dʒ*/	/ts*/
/cw/	/kvw*/	/tb*/	/dʒw*/	/t*/
/k/	/k*/	/x*/	/k*/	/k*/
/kʰ/	/k*/	/q*/	/x*/	/r*/
/kw/	/kw*/	/xʷ*/	/k*/	/g*/
/kʰʷ/	/w*/	/qʷ*/	/kʰ*/	/v*/
/s/	/s*/	/s*/	/ʃ*/	/ɟ*/
/hs/	/sj*/	/ʃ*/	/s*/	/ts*/
/ss~ʃ/	/ʃ*/	/ʃ*/	/ʃ*/	/ʃ*/
/ʃʰ~çʰ/	/çj*/	/ʃ*/	/ʃ*/	/ʃ*/
/x/	/x*/	/x~s*/	/h*/	/x*/
/xʷ/	/h*/	/ʍ*/	/w*/	/w*/
/ꭓ/	/h*/	/h*/	/∅*/	/h*/
/l¹/	/r*/	/ɹ~r*/	/lʲ*/	/l*/
/l²/	/w*/	/∅*/	/ɰ*/	/w*/