Difference between revisions of "Proto-Vaniuan language"
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! style="" |Plosive | ! style="" |Plosive | ||
| ⟨p⟩ /p/ <br>⟨ph⟩ /pʰ/ | | ⟨p⟩ /p/ <br>⟨ph⟩ /pʰ/ | ||
| ⟨t⟩ /t/<br>⟨th⟩ /tʰ/<br>⟨d⟩ /d/<br>⟨š⟩ /t~tʰs/ | | ⟨t⟩ /t/<br>⟨th⟩ /tʰ/<br>⟨d⟩ /d~ɮ/<br>⟨š⟩ /t~tʰs/ | ||
| ⟨c⟩ /c~kʲ/<br>⟨cw⟩ /cʷ~kʷʲ/ | | ⟨c⟩ /c~kʲ/<br>⟨cw⟩ /cʷ~kʷʲ/ | ||
| ⟨k⟩ /k/<br>⟨kh⟩ /kʰ/<br>⟨kw⟩ /kʷ~kw/<br> | | ⟨k⟩ /k/<br>⟨kh⟩ /kʰ/<br>⟨kw⟩ /kʷ~kw/<br>⟨kwh⟩ /kʰʷ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| ä | | ä | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |||
==Corresponding Sets== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Proto-Vaniuan | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Classical West Vaniuan | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Old Ohan | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Proto-East Vaniuan | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Old South Vaniuan | |||
|- | |||
! style=""|/m/ | |||
| /m*/ | |||
| /b*/ | |||
| /mʲ*/ | |||
| /m*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style=""|/n/ | |||
| /n*/ | |||
| /n*/ | |||
| /nʲ*/ | |||
| /n*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/ŋ/ | |||
| /nd*/ | |||
| /n*/ | |||
| /ŋ*/ | |||
| /ng*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/t/ | |||
| /d*/ | |||
| /k*/ | |||
| /d~t*/ | |||
| /t*/ | |||
! style="" |/tʰ/ | |||
| /t*/ | |||
| /kʰ*/ | |||
| /θ*/ | |||
| /θ*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/ɮ/ | |||
| /t*/ | |||
| /n*/ | |||
| /t*/ | |||
| /dl*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/tʰs/ | |||
| /t*/ | |||
| /ʃ*/ | |||
| /tʰ*/ | |||
| /tʃ*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/c~kʲ/ | |||
| /k*/ | |||
| /s*/ | |||
| /dʒ*/ | |||
| /ts*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/cw/ | |||
| /kvw*/ | |||
| /tb*/ | |||
| /dʒw*/ | |||
| /t*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/k/ | |||
| /k*/ | |||
| /x*/ | |||
| /k*/ | |||
| /k*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/kʰ/ | |||
| /k*/ | |||
| /q*/ | |||
| /x*/ | |||
| /r*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/kw/ | |||
| /kw*/ | |||
| /xʷ*/ | |||
| /k*/ | |||
| /g*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/kʰʷ/ | |||
| /w*/ | |||
| /qʷ*/ | |||
| /kʰ*/ | |||
| /v*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/s/ | |||
| /s*/ | |||
| /s*/ | |||
| /ʃ*/ | |||
| /ɟ*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/hs/ | |||
| /sj*/ | |||
| /ʃ*/ | |||
| /s*/ | |||
| /ts*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/ss~ʃ/ | |||
| /ʃ*/ | |||
| /ʃ*/ | |||
| /ʃ*/ | |||
| /ʃ*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/ʃʰ~çʰ/ | |||
| /çj*/ | |||
| /ʃ*/ | |||
| /ʃ*/ | |||
| /ʃ*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/x/ | |||
| /x*/ | |||
| /x~s*/ | |||
| /h*/ | |||
| /x*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/xʷ/ | |||
| /h*/ | |||
| /ʍ*/ | |||
| /w*/ | |||
| /w*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/ꭓ/ | |||
| /h*/ | |||
| /h*/ | |||
| /∅*/ | |||
| /h*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/l¹/ | |||
| /r*/ | |||
| /ɹ~r*/ | |||
| /lʲ*/ | |||
| /l*/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |/l²/ | |||
| /w*/ | |||
| /∅*/ | |||
| /ɰ*/ | |||
| /w*/ | |||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 14:40, 2 June 2017
Proto-Vaniuan is a hypothetical common language that has had controversy in regards to the ethnicities involved. It is assumed that the proto language existed possibly between 3,000 and 1,000 BCE before the spread of horseback riding. Main controversies exist in regard to the several languages that exist such as the word "good" in Vaniuan which is assumed to be /kit/ is ⟨çkhi⟩ /çkʰʲ/ in Ohanian and ⟨vié⟩ /vjé/ in Shohuanese.
Phonology
Consonants
Dai Riau's Theory
Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | ⟨m⟩ /m/ | ⟨n⟩ /n/ | ⟨ñ⟩ /ŋ/ | |||
Plosive | ⟨p⟩ /p/ ⟨ph⟩ /pʰ/ |
⟨t⟩ /t/ ⟨th⟩ /tʰ/ ⟨d⟩ /d~ɮ/ ⟨š⟩ /t~tʰs/ |
⟨c⟩ /c~kʲ/ ⟨cw⟩ /cʷ~kʷʲ/ |
⟨k⟩ /k/ ⟨kh⟩ /kʰ/ ⟨kw⟩ /kʷ~kw/ ⟨kwh⟩ /kʰʷ/ |
||
Fricative | ⟨s⟩ /s/ ⟨hs⟩ /sʰ~hs/ ⟨ss⟩ /sː~ʃ~ç/ ⟨sc⟩ /sʰː~ʃː~çː/ |
⟨h¹⟩ /x~sʲ~h/ ⟨h²⟩ /x~xʷ~hʷ~h̪͆/ ⟨h³⟩ /ꭓ~h~ʔ~ʕ/ |
||||
Lateral app. | ⟨l¹⟩ /r~l~ɺ/ ⟨l²⟩ /ɫ~ʟ/ |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e¹ e² | o¹ o² | |
Open | ä |
Corresponding Sets
Proto-Vaniuan | Classical West Vaniuan | Old Ohan | Proto-East Vaniuan | Old South Vaniuan | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/m/ | /m*/ | /b*/ | /mʲ*/ | /m*/ | |||||
/n/ | /n*/ | /n*/ | /nʲ*/ | /n*/ | |||||
/ŋ/ | /nd*/ | /n*/ | /ŋ*/ | /ng*/ | |||||
/t/ | /d*/ | /k*/ | /d~t*/ | /t*/ | /tʰ/ | /t*/ | /kʰ*/ | /θ*/ | /θ*/ |
/ɮ/ | /t*/ | /n*/ | /t*/ | /dl*/ | |||||
/tʰs/ | /t*/ | /ʃ*/ | /tʰ*/ | /tʃ*/ | |||||
/c~kʲ/ | /k*/ | /s*/ | /dʒ*/ | /ts*/ | |||||
/cw/ | /kvw*/ | /tb*/ | /dʒw*/ | /t*/ | |||||
/k/ | /k*/ | /x*/ | /k*/ | /k*/ | |||||
/kʰ/ | /k*/ | /q*/ | /x*/ | /r*/ | |||||
/kw/ | /kw*/ | /xʷ*/ | /k*/ | /g*/ | |||||
/kʰʷ/ | /w*/ | /qʷ*/ | /kʰ*/ | /v*/ | |||||
/s/ | /s*/ | /s*/ | /ʃ*/ | /ɟ*/ | |||||
/hs/ | /sj*/ | /ʃ*/ | /s*/ | /ts*/ | |||||
/ss~ʃ/ | /ʃ*/ | /ʃ*/ | /ʃ*/ | /ʃ*/ | |||||
/ʃʰ~çʰ/ | /çj*/ | /ʃ*/ | /ʃ*/ | /ʃ*/ | |||||
/x/ | /x*/ | /x~s*/ | /h*/ | /x*/ | |||||
/xʷ/ | /h*/ | /ʍ*/ | /w*/ | /w*/ | |||||
/ꭓ/ | /h*/ | /h*/ | /∅*/ | /h*/ | |||||
/l¹/ | /r*/ | /ɹ~r*/ | /lʲ*/ | /l*/ | |||||
/l²/ | /w*/ | /∅*/ | /ɰ*/ | /w*/ |