Difference between revisions of "Archive:Asakan language"
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! Ending !! Plural !! Example | ! Ending !! Plural !! Example | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -s || -f || | | -s || -f || mura<u>s</u> (ball) > mura<u>f</u>i | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" | -t || -p || | | rowspan="2" | -t || -p || xosa<u>t</u> (wing) > xosa<u>p</u>i | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -tx || | | -tx || kaso<u>t</u> (mouth) > kaso<u>tx</u>i | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -n || -k || | | -n || -k || kari<u>n</u> (branch) > kari<u>k</u>i | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Syntax=== | ===Syntax=== |
Revision as of 08:25, 3 January 2021
Asakan | |
---|---|
Standard Monyo, Monyo Asakasiafat | |
Pronunciation | /asakasjasat/ |
Ethnicity | Monyo |
Language family | Proto-Monic
|
Early forms: | Kamano-Monic
|
Dialects | Fokatakian, Ixahimi, Kanioto, Standard North, Standard South, Tatxo |
Writing system | Monyo Script |
Official status | |
Official language in | Yakormonyo |
CWS code | UKTS |
Asakan, also known as Standard Monyo or simply Monyo, is spoken as a native language throughout central and southern Yakormonyo. It is an analytical language, and its morphology is slightly synthetic.
Classification
Asakan is an Kamano-Monic language within the Monic language family. Being Asxato-Monic, it is related to other coastal Monic languages such as Vontáatan and Ańakfan. Asakan, along with its sister language, Itimian, differs from other Monic languages with its treatment of the rostral stop *m. In most other languages, this sound softened to a velar approximant, and in some cases, assimilated with neighbouring vowels. Asakan does the opposite; *m is further strengthened, causing the following:
- If preceding a vowel, said vowel reduces to a schwa;
- If preceding a consonant, an intermediary schwa to break the cluster;
- If at the end of the word, an epenthetic schwa; and
- If preceding a schwa at the end of the word (due to #1 and #3), an epenthetic nasal *n.
For example, Proto-Monyo *kāham (mountain) is Asakan kaman, Vontáatan ká and Kagassian kahau.
History
Phonology
Consonants
Rostral | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | n ⟨n⟩ | ŋ ⟨n⟩ | ||
Stop | ɓ̥ ⟨m⟩ | t ⟨t⟩, d ⟨r⟩ | k ⟨k⟩ | |
Affricate | ts ⟨p⟩, ⟨ts⟩ | tʃ ⟨tx⟩ | ||
Fricative | s ⟨s⟩, ⟨f⟩ | ʃ ⟨x⟩ | x ⟨h⟩ | |
Liquid | ɾ ⟨r⟩ | j ⟨i⟩ | ʕ ⟨u⟩ |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i ⟨i⟩ | ||
Mid | e ⟨u⟩ | ə ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩ | ʌ ⟨o⟩ |
Open | a ⟨a⟩ |
The two diphthongs are /aɪ/ ⟨ai⟩ and /əɪ/ ⟨oi⟩. The schwa /ə/ is realised in certain environments, namely ⟨man⟩ /ɓ̥ən/ and ⟨io⟩ /jə/.
Phonotactics
Orthography
Grammar
Morphology
Nouns
Monyo nouns are inflected solely for plurality.
Plural -i
Ending | Standard Plural | Irregular Plural |
---|---|---|
∅ | okun (tree) > okuni | kiar (sun) > kiara |
-a | iama (jay) > iami | fiuntxa (loft) > fiuntxai |
-o | asto (bottle) > asti | simo (ground) > simoi |
-u | maku (bone) > maki | otoikoru (river) > otoikora |
-ia | pasia (world) > pasi | nakia (chair) > nakiai |
-io | fumio (peach) > fumi | txuio (train) > txuia |
-ho | riho (book) > rihoi | musho (flock) > mushi |
-fo | piatfo (bed) > piatfoi | kakfo (door) > kakfi |
Plural -a
Ending | Standard Plural | Irregular Plural |
---|---|---|
-i | inhi (morning) > inha | osi (sky) > osia |
-iu | koiu (egg) > koia | |
-ai | ohai (catfish) > oha | |
-oi | mufoi (breeze) > mufa | toikoi (flamingo) > toiki |
Irregular Consonant Mutation
Ending | Plural | Example |
---|---|---|
-s | -f | muras (ball) > murafi |
-t | -p | xosat (wing) > xosapi |
-tx | kasot (mouth) > kasotxi | |
-n | -k | karin (branch) > kariki |