Aramani language

Aramani
Orumoli Orumoli
Pronunciation	/oruˈmoli/
Ethnicity	Aramani
Language family	Vaniuan Aramani
Early forms:	Proto-Vaniuan Proto-Eastern-Vaniuan Kalkali Aramani Aramani
Official status
Official language in	Araman
CWS code	–

Aramani is the official language of the Grand Duchy of Araman.

Phonology

Phonemes

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m	n		ɲ
Voiceless Plosive		t			k
Voiced Plosive	b	d			ɡ
Voiceless Affricate		t͡s	ʈ͡ʂ	t͡ɕ
Voiced Affricate		d͡z	ɖ͡ʐ	d͡ʑ
Voiceless Fricative		s	ʂ	ɕ	x
Voiced Fricative	v	z	ʐ	ʑ
Approximant		l	r	j	ɰ

• Alveolars may be dental or true alveolar
• Velar continuants /x/ and /ɰ/ may be velar [x] and [ɰ], uvular [χ]

and [ʁ], glottal [h] and [ɦ], or in some instances even pharyngeal [ħ] and [ʕ].

• The rhotic /r/ is most often described as a trill [r] but may also be a

tap [ɾ].

• /dz/, /ʈʂ/, and /ɖʐ/ are marginal phonemes, often acting as consonant clusters; they are more commonly found in loan words and onomatopoeic expressions.
• /b/ and /v/ have voiceless allophones [p] and [f], respectively, when

preceded by voiceless obstruents; this voicing assimilation is true for other obstruents as well, but is phonemic. /p/ and /f/ may also be found in recent loan words.

• Alveolars undergo allophonic retroflexion when adjacent to a retroflex

segment. Palatalization also spreads within clusters but is phonemic.

• For more information of morphophnolgy, see the Historical Phonology

section.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid		ɘ	o
Open	ɛ		ɑ

• /ɘ/ has a wide range of phonetic realizations and is most commonly [ɪ]

following palatal consonants

• /ɑ/ may be back [ɑ] or central [ä].

Orthogrophy

Letter	Name	IPA	Transliteration
L l	le le	/l/	l
B b	be be	/b/	b
V v	ve ve	/v/	v
S s	se se	/s/	s
Š š	še śe	/ɕ/	ś
Z z	ze ze	/z/	z
Ž ž	že źe	/ʑ/	ź
D d	de de	/d/	d
Ď ď	ďe dźe	/d͡ʑ/	dź
T t	te te	/t/	t
Ť ť	ťe će	/t͡ɕ/	ć
R r	re re	/r/	r
K k	ke ke	/k/	k
G g	ge ge	/g/	g
M m	me me	/m/	m
J j	je je	/ʐ/	j
C c	ce şe	/ʂ/	ş
Þ þ	þe ce	/t͡s/	c
Q q	qe he	/x/	h
Ğ ğ	ğe ğe	/ɰ/	ğ
N n	ne ne	/n/	n
Ň ň	ňe ńe	/ɲ/	ń
Y y	ye ye	/j/	y
Æ æ	æ á	/ɛ/	á
A a	a a	/ɑ/	a
I i	i i	/i/	i
E e	e e	/ɘ, ɛ/	e
O o	o o	/o/	o
U u	u u	/u/	u

Morphology and syntax

Nominals

Aramani nouns decline for case, but not number. The six cases are:

• The Direct Case (DIR): used for the subjects of intransitive verbs and both the agents and patients of transitive verbs; this is the most basic case and is the dictionary form
• The Genitive Case (GEN): used for possessors and to show other relationships
• The Dative Case (DAT): used for indirect objects and beneficiaries
• The Locative Case (LOC): used for locations and states (e.g. 'in,' 'on,' or 'at')
• The Instrumental Case (INSTR): used for the means or instrument by which an action is done (e.g. 'with,' 'using,' or 'by means of')
• The Comitative Case (COM): used for additional accompanying arguments (e.g. '(together) with,' 'in addition to,' or 'and')

Nouns also fall into one of three paradigms: Even, Odd, or Mutating.

Even Nouns

Even nouns are named for their stress which falls on an even numbered syllable counting backwards with zero being the final syllable (ultimately stressed nouns count as even). However, this stress may be historical, and the modern stress may fall on an odd syllable. Even nouns decline with the following endings:

Case	Ending	Example	Notes
DIR	-	vuyin	'family'
GEN	-i	vuyini	-y after a vowel
DAT	-me	vuyinme
LOC	-vi	vuyinvi
INSTR	-ye	vuyinye
COM	-ci	vuyinci

Odd Nouns

Similar to even nouns, odd nouns are named for their stress which falls on an odd numbered syllable counting backwards with zero being the final syllable. However, this stress may be historical, and the modern stress may fall on an even syllable. Odd nouns decline with the following endings:

Case	Ending	Example	Notes
DIR	-	yokve	'hand'
GEN	-e	yokvo	-o takes place of a final vowel
DAT	-má	yokvemá
LOC	-ve	yokveve
INSTR	-ya	yokveya
COM	-ce	yokvace

Mutating Nouns

Mutating nouns follow same declension patterns as even nouns but are notable for a change in stem for the non-direct cases. This secondary stem can often be predicted, but not always. Most mutating nouns were historically penultimately stressed nouns ending in -VCV.

Case	Ending	Example	Notes
DIR	-	moşe	'mother'
GEN	-i	muşáy	-y after a vowel
DAT	-me	muşáme
LOC	-vi	muşávi
INSTR	-ye	muşáye
COM	-ci	muşáci

Vocabulary

Numbers

0 - mo mo	10 - hom qom	20 - shon sqon
1 - śi ši	11 - ceğ þeğ	30 - mácehom mæþeqom
2 - cśim þšim	12 - muviğ muviğ	40 - ćiyhom ťiyqom
3 - máce mæþe	13 - hid qid	50 - cek þek
4 - ćić ťiť	14 - one one	60 - vikhom vikqom
5 - sáv sæv	15 - ice iþe	70 - ińhom iňqom
6 - vik vik	16 - nádu nædu	80 - yásehom yæseqom
7 - iń iň	17 - śhoce šqoþe	90 - yechum yeþqum
8 - yáse yæse	18 - kán kæn	100 - táne tæne
9 - yec yeþ	19 - myğon myğon	1000 - ćeye ťeye