Archive:Yaharan language
| Yaharan | |
|---|---|
| Síyähärä | |
| Pronunciation | ˈsɪ̈jɑhɑrɑ |
| Region | Greater Yahara (Lower Boroso) |
| Ethnicity | Yaharans |
| Native speakers | 24,000,000 20,000,000 as a second language (2010) |
| Language family | Yaharan
|
| Early forms: | Proto-Yaharan
|
| Dialects | Celebrezstuvan
Ciovergian
Haran
Yervergian
Yitsman
|
| Writing system | Feyandya |
| Official status | |
| Official language in |  Confederation of Lower BorosoTemplate:Country data Upper Yahara Template:Country data Yaxarhayut |
| CWS code | SIH |
Yaharan (IPA: /jəˈhɑːɹɪ̈n/, lingua Jahærana, Ꙗгарьскыи ѩзыкъ; Yaharan: Síyähärä /ˈsɪ̈jɑɦɑɹɑ/) is the only living member of the Greater Yaharan languages. Spoken by over eleven million people, it serves as the official language of the Kingdom of Upper Yahara and one of the two official languages of the Kingdom of Yaxarhayut. Historically, it was the predominant language of the Empire of Yahara, and as a result has heavily influenced the Monyo languages, Trunaomatian, and Heoroman, amongst others.
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | |||||
| Fricative | f v | θ | s z | ʃ ʒ | x | |||
| Affricate | t͡ʃ | |||||||
| Approximant | l | ɹ | j | |||||
| Trill | r |
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i y | ɯ u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ɪ̈ | o |
| Open | ɑ |
Diphthongs: ɛɪ̯, ɑɪ̯ Other sounds: s͢ʃ jⁱɑʊ̯
Phonotactics
Orthography
The Yaharan language is written using the Feyandya, its traditional alphabet. Three forms are used for various purposes: the civil version (most commonly used in signage and printing), the written version (used in both print and handwriting), and the religious version (used almost exclusively for ceremonial purposes and in temple recordkeeping). The written version is that which is presented below.
| Consonants: | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unvoiced Letter: | IPA: | Notes: | Voiced Letter: | IPA: | Notes: |
| p | /p/ | b | /b/ | ||
| t | /t/ | d | /d/ | ||
| k | /k/ | g | /g/ | ||
| f | /f/ | v | /v/ | ||
| s | /s/ | z | /z/ | ||
| š | /ʃ/ | ž | /ʒ/ | ||
| x | /x/ | h | /ɦ/ | ||
| c | /s͢ʃ/ | þ | /θ/ | ||
| n | /n/ | m | /m/ | ||
| r | /ɹ/ | ř | /r/ | ||
| l | /l/ | w | /w/ | ||
| Vowels: | |||||
| Long letter: | IPA: | Notes: | Short letter: | IPA: | Notes: |
| A | /ɛɪ̯/ | Ä | /ɑ/ | ||
| O | /o/ | Ö | /o/ | ||
| U | /u/ | Ü | /ɯ/ | ||
| I | /ɑɪ̯/ | Í | /ɪ̈/ | ||
| E | /i/ | Ë | /ɛ/ | ||
| Ligatures: | |||||
| nt | /nt/ | nd | /nd/ | ||
| nk | /ŋk/ | ng | /ŋg/ | ||
| dyä | /dʲɑ/ | níl | /nɪ̈l/ | Used only in the context of negation. | |
Grammar
Nouns
In Yaharan, nouns do not decline outside of the nominative plural or the genitive singular or plural. Grammatical gender, determining which articles can be taken, can be determined by the last letter of the noun.
| Gender: | Ending: | Definite: | Indefinite: | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Informal: | Formal: | Plural formal: | Singular: | Plural: | ||
| Masculine | -c,d,dyä,ë,g,h,n,o,ö,p,ř,s,š,t,þ,v,x,ø | tëmë, -më | dän | þuw | šä | šuw |
| Feminine | -a,ä,b,č,e,f,i,í,k,l,m,r,u,ü,w,z,ž | täng | ||||
Verbs
Yaharan verbs are conjugated for person, number, and tense. There are three tenses: the present, past, and future, and several moods: the indicative, imperative, potential, conditional, and indefinite.