Archive:Yaharan language

Yaharan
Síyähärä
Pronunciation	ˈsɪ̈jɑhɑrɑ
Region	Greater Yahara (Lower Boroso)
Ethnicity	Yaharans
Native speakers	24,000,000 20,000,000 as a second language  (2010)
Language family	Yaharan Greater Yaharan Yaharan
Early forms:	Proto-Yaharan Old Yaharan Middle Yaharan Yaharan
Dialects	Celebrezstuvan Ciovergian Haran Yervergian Yitsman
Writing system	Feyandya
Official status
Official language in	Confederation of Lower Boroso Template:Country data Upper Yahara Template:Country data Yaxarhayut
CWS code	SIH

Yaharan (IPA: /jəˈhɑːɹɪ̈n/, lingua Jahærana, Ꙗгарьскыи ѩзыкъ; Yaharan: Síyähärä /ˈsɪ̈jɑɦɑɹɑ/) is the only living member of the Greater Yaharan languages. Spoken by over eleven million people, it serves as the official language of the Kingdom of Upper Yahara and one of the two official languages of the Kingdom of Yaxarhayut. Historically, it was the predominant language of the Empire of Yahara, and as a result has heavily influenced the Monyo languages, Trunaomatian, and Heoroman, amongst others.

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m			n			ŋ
Plosive	p b			t d			k g
Fricative		f v	θ	s z	ʃ ʒ		x	ɦ
Slide				s͢ʃ
Affricate				t͡s	t͡ʃ
Liquid	ʍ w			l ɹ r		j

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i y		ɯ u
Mid	ɛ	ɪ̈	o
Open			ɑ

Diphthongs: /ɛɪ̯/, /ɑɪ̯/, /jⁱɑʊ̯/

Orthography

The Yaharan language is written using the Feyandya, its traditional alphabet. Three forms are used for various purposes: the civil version (most commonly used in signage and printing), the written version (used in both print and handwriting), and the religious version (used almost exclusively for ceremonial purposes and in temple recordkeeping). The written version is that which is presented below.

Paired consonants:					Unpaired consonants:
Unvoiced letter:	IPA:	Voiced letter:	IPA:		Letter:	IPA:	Letter:	IPA:
p	/p/	b	/b/		l ,L	/l/	w ,W	/w/
t	/t/	d	/d/		y ,Y	/j/	č	/t͡ʃ/
k	/k/	g	/g/		Vowels:
f	/f/	v	/v/		Long letter:	IPA:	Short letter:	IPA:
s ,S	/s/	z	/z/		A ,a	/ɛɪ̯/	Ä ,ä	/ɑ/
š	/ʃ/	ž	/ʒ/		O ,o	/o/	Ö ,ö	/o/
x	/x/	h	/ɦ/		U ,u	/u/	Ü ,ü	/ɯ/
c	/s͢ʃ/	þ ,Þ	/θ/		I ,i	/ɑɪ̯/	Í ,í	/ɪ̈/
n ,N	/n/	m	/m/		E ,e	/i/	Ë ,ë	/ɛ/
r	/ɹ/	ř	/r/		Ø ,ø	/jⁱɑʊ̯/	Ÿ ,ÿ	/y/
Ligatures:					Obsolete letters:
nt	/nt/	nd	/nd/		Æ ,æ	/ɑ/	Ï	/ɪ̈/
nk	/ŋk/	ng	/ŋg/		Á ,á	/Ø/	É ,é	/Ø/
ď	/dʲɑ/	ḳ	/stk/		Required ideograms:
ǒ	/os/	As a ligature for the word ös.			Ideogram:		Meaning:
ň	/nɪ̈l/	As a ligature for the word níl.			ǽ		"Ashe"

Grammar

Nouns

Nouns in Yaharan are split into three classes based on the last sound of the word. These classes determine the definite and indefinite articles, and are summarized below:

Class:	Definite article:		Indefinite article:		Last sound of word:
Masculine:	{tëmë} tëmë	{dänß} dän	{šä} šä		{cßdßďßËßgßhßnßOßÖßpßřßsßšßtßþßvßxß} -c, -d, -dyä, -ë, -g, -h, -n, -o, -ö, -p, -ř, -s, -š, -t, -þ, -v, -x
Feminine:		{täng} täng			{AßÄßbßčßeßfßißíßkßlßmßrßußüßwßÿßzßžß} -a, -ä, -b, -č, -e, -f, -i, -í, -k, -l, -m, -r, -u, -ü, -w, -ÿ -z, -ž
Plural:		{þuwß} þuw	{šä} šä	{šuwß} šuw	Ø -ø

Further, nouns decline for the genitive, plural, and genitive plural, again based on final sound.

Last sound of word:	Singular genitive:	Plural:	Plural genitive:
{aßÄßeßëßißíßoßößußüßÿß} -a, -ä, -e, -ë, -i, -í, -o, -ö, -u, -ü, -ÿ	dä -dä	Ø -ø	Øšä -øšä
{cßčßfßsßšßþßvßhwßxßzßžß} -c, -č, -f, -s, -š, -þ, -v, –w, -x, -z, -ž	dä -dä	dø -dø	døšä -døšä
{dßgßkßlßmßnßpßrßřßtßwßøß} -d, -f, -k, -l, -m, -n, -p, -r, -ř, -t, -w, -ø	šø -šø	šä -šä	šøšä -šøšä

Pronouns

Pronouns are distinguished by person, partially by number, and function. Almost all are able to decline to four cases: the intransitive, transitive, reflexive, and genitive.

Person:	Intransitive:	Transitive:	Reflexive:	Genitive:
1S "I"	{ësto} ësto	{sít} sít	{ëtS} ëts	{ësta} {ëstä} ësta, ëstä
1P "we"	{yënto} yënto	{yën} yën	{utS} uts	{yëntä} yëntä
2S "you"	{elí} elí	{lít} lít	{ätS} äts	{lítšä} lítšä
2P "y'all"	{lítšø} lítšø			{lítšøšä} lítšøšä
3SI "it"	{yënto} híst		{ÿtS} ÿts	{hístšä} hístšä