Difference between revisions of "Dahaz language"

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{{Infobox language
#REDIRECT [[Koman language]]
|name          = Koman
|altname      = Kāman, Kāman ëbëm
|nativename    = {{cs|DAD|Dahaz}}
|pronunciation = /'kɒman‿əβəm/
|states (state) = [[Khara-Dahaz]]
|region        =  Vaniua
|latd  =  | latm  = | latNS  =  <!-- latitude degrees/minutes/direction -->
|longd =  | longm = | longEW =  <!-- longitude degrees/minutes/direction -->
|ethnicity    =  Koman people
|speakers      = 40 million
|date          = 2015-2017
|familycolor  = vaniuan
|fam1          = [[Vaniuan]]
|fam2          = [[Eastern Vaniuan]]
|fam3          =
|fam4          =
|ancestor    =  Proto-Vaniuan
|ancestor2      =  Proto-Eastern Vaniuan
|ancestor3          = Kalkali
|ancestor4          = Middle Koman
|ancestor5          = Classical Koman
|posteriori    = no
|dia1          =
|dialects      = Torosh, Shereva and Jovaic dialects
|script        = [[Vaniuan script]], [[Mahavic script]]
|nation        = [[Khara-Dahaz]]
|agency        =  Imperial Lenguistic Council
|iso3          = DAD
|image        =
|imagesize    =
|imagealt      =
|imagecaption  =
|imageheader  =
|map          = Dahaz Lenguasphere3.png
|mapsize      =
|mapalt        = A map showing the areas where Koman is mainly spoken, exluding foreign Koman.
|mapcaption    = Dark blue = majority; light blue = minority
}}
 
'''Koman''' (''Kāman'', /'kɒman‿əβəm/) is a [[Vaniuan language]] spoken in [[Khara-Dahaz]]. It has 40 million native speakers and is mainly spoken by the Koman people in [[Khara-Dahaz]] and elsewhere in Vaniu. Koman belongs to the Eastern Vaniuan branch of the Vaniuan language family. Main influences can be attributed to Mahavic languages and Bothanian with some loanwords mainly of Saopyulieg and Sotanese origin. The most noticeable distinctions between Koman and other Vaniuan languages is the large corpus of Mahavic loanwords and lack of gender which is only seen in certain pronouns.
 
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Vowel inventory
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==Name==
The language itself is natively known as Kāman ëbëm or Kāmanva, pronounced /'kɒman‿əβəm/ or /'kɒmanβa/ accordingly.
==History==
The first records of the earliest form of the language can be traced back to the 7th century where inscriptions in stone pillars were found in the eastern region of the northern Vaniuan steppes, thanks to archaeological evidence and early records from the inhabiting peoples of the region, it can be estimated that the Kali people spoke initially a variation of Old Mahavic but became gradually assimilated by  their larger Vaniuan neighbours, who at the time spoke a late form of Proto-Eastern Vaniuan which due to the harsh environment lived equally as nomads. The increasing assimilation of Kali people led to the creation of a tribal confederation estimated to have been around 100-500CE  which gave rise to the later forms of the Kalkali language and people.
 
Modern Koman is considered as a direct descendant of the later forms of the Kalkali language, the language of the Kalkali nomads who inhabited the northern steppes of Vaniua and of great literary development in the realms of Şī Āşar during and after the rise of the Great Horde. The now extinct Mahavic Oshar language, once spoken by the Oshar dynasty left profound influences on both levels of morphology and vocabulary. By the 17th century, Classical Koman arose as the common tongue of the Komans, Şādhëşkan Hacām, a prominent polymath, became the greatest representative of the Koman language, his efforts led the introduction of the language to the court and nobility, after his work in the book "''Ëbëm Mothāh: Vā thum kādhulim'' " (Speech of the Common: Language of greatness) being renowned by the emperor himself. By the 18th century, a regularised version of the language was made based on the Jovaic dialectal grouping, having preserved most foreign loanwords because of matters of cultural heritage and conservatism.
 
The term "''Koman''" itself can vary depending on the dialect, before the 19th century, the language was known according to the name of the dialect spoken, this changed with the orders of prime minister Racan Ācom, who for matters of ethnic unification and nationalism, decided to unify the term. The most prominent names prior the unification were either "''Kālyāghāl''" or "''Jānva''" with "''Kāman''" being used to refer to the dialect spoken in court.
 
The short-lived state of Kadhan used the term "''Kāman''" to refer to the language, with a high degree of Amaian loanwords seen prior to the 19th century.
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
The following tables lists the consonants and vowels of the standard Koshaivic dialect. The consonants enclosed in parentheses are considered as allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 68px; "|
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-velar
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
|-
! style="" |Nasal
| m
|
|
| n
|
|
|
|
| ŋ
|
|
|-
! style="" |Plosive
| p b
|
|
| t d
|
|
|
|
| k g
| q
|
|-
! style="" |Fricative
| β
| θ
| ð
| s z
| ʒ
| ʂ
|
|
|
| ʁ
| h
|-
! style="" |Affricate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 
|
|-
! style="" |Approximant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| j
| w
|
|
|-
! style="" |Rhotic
|
|
|
| r
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Lateral app.
|
|
|
| l
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
 
===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| i (i:) y
|
|
|
| ɯ u (u:)
|-
! style="" |Near-close
|   
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
| e
|
|
|
| o (o:)
 
|-
! style="" |Mid
|
|
| ə
|
|
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Near-open
| æ
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Open
| a
|
|
|
| ɒ
|}
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
 
===Orthography===
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. -->
 
 
==Grammar==
===Morphology===
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
 
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Nouns
Adjectives
Verbs
Adverbs
Particles
Derivational morphology
 
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===Syntax===
 
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
 
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 17:32, 9 August 2017

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