Difference between revisions of "Fádallan language"
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'''Fádallan''' ({{cs|FDL|páadtal}} ''Páadtal'', [fɐ̀:tɐl]) is a [[Theweric languages|Theweric]] language spoken by around 10,000 speakers in [[Fádalh]], where it is the official language, and within Fádallan communities in other countries. It is a member of the Theweric language family, separating from the [[Dhwer language|Dhwer]] branch around 800 years ago with the settlement of Fádalh as a colony of the [[Great Dhweran Empire]]. | |||
Fádallan loans heavily from [[Saavdis]], spoken in the neighbouring [[Fals Empire]]. Saavdis loans are used primarily in colloquial speech, with native Fádallan words being used in more formal contexts and being viewed as more sophisticated, analogous to the usage of Greek and Latin loans in the English language. As a result of greater ease of communication in the 21st century, more and more Saavdis loans are being incorporated into Fádallan, with an estimated 35% of words being of Saavdis origin. | |||
Fádallan is a heavily [[wikipedia:Fusional language|fusional]], ergative-absolutive language with a simple two tone tonal system, phonemic vowel length, and a a small set of phonemic consonants with no voiced stops or fricatives. | |||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
| Line 55: | Line 60: | ||
|+ Consonant phonemes | |+ Consonant phonemes | ||
! | ! | ||
! colspan="2" | Labial | ! colspan="2" | [[wikipedia:Labial consonant|Labia]]l | ||
! colspan="2" | Alveolar | ! colspan="2" | [[wikipedia:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] | ||
! colspan="2" | Palatal | ! colspan="2" | [[wikipedia:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] | ||
! colspan="2" | Velar | ! colspan="2" | [[wikipedia:Velar consonant|Velar]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nasal | ! [[wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | m | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[wikipedia:Bilabial nasal|m]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | n | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[wikipedia:Dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals#Alveolar|n]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ɲ | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[wikipedia:Palatal nasal|ɲ]] | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Stop | ! [[wikipedia:Stop consonant|Stop]] | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | t || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[wikipedia:Voiceless dental and alveolar stops#Alveolar|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | k || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[wikipedia:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Fricative | ! [[wikipedia:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | f || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | s || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative#Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | x || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Approximant | ! [[wikipedia:Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | j | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[wikipedia:Palatal approximant#Approximant|j]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | w | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[wikipedia:Voiced labio-velar approximant|w]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Lateral | ! [[wikipedia:Lateral consonant|Lateral]] | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | l | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[wikipedia:Alveolar lateral approximant|l]] | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
Revision as of 08:22, 1 February 2017
| Fádallan | |
|---|---|
| Páadtal | |
| Pronunciation | [fɐ̀:tɐl] |
| Ethnicity | native Fádallan and those of Fádallan descent in other countries |
| Native speakers | ~10,000 (2013 census) |
| Language family | Theweric
|
| Early forms: | Old Fádallan
|
| Writing system | Fádallan script, a derivative of the Dulic script |
| Official status | |
| Official language in | Fádalh |
| CWS code | FDL |
Fádallan (páadtal Páadtal, [fɐ̀:tɐl]) is a Theweric language spoken by around 10,000 speakers in Fádalh, where it is the official language, and within Fádallan communities in other countries. It is a member of the Theweric language family, separating from the Dhwer branch around 800 years ago with the settlement of Fádalh as a colony of the Great Dhweran Empire.
Fádallan loans heavily from Saavdis, spoken in the neighbouring Fals Empire. Saavdis loans are used primarily in colloquial speech, with native Fádallan words being used in more formal contexts and being viewed as more sophisticated, analogous to the usage of Greek and Latin loans in the English language. As a result of greater ease of communication in the 21st century, more and more Saavdis loans are being incorporated into Fádallan, with an estimated 35% of words being of Saavdis origin.
Fádallan is a heavily fusional, ergative-absolutive language with a simple two tone tonal system, phonemic vowel length, and a a small set of phonemic consonants with no voiced stops or fricatives.
Background
Phonology
Consonants
Fádallan phonology has 11 consonant phonemes.
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||||
| Stop | t | k | ||||||
| Fricative | f | s | x | |||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||
| Lateral | l | |||||||
Vowels
The Fádallan vowel inventory is fairly large, consisting of 20 vowel phonemes.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ʉ | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | ɐ |
All vowels have phonemic length (long vs. short) and tone (low vs. mid) contrasts, resulting in 4 forms for each basic vowel phoneme, e.g. /ʉ ʉ: ʉ̀ ʉ̀:/ for /ʉ/. Compare the following contrasting pairs:
ko /ko/ 'mouth, chin,' vs. kooa /ko:/ 'wet, submerged' ódc /o/ 'arm' vs. odc /ò/ 'father' kaca /kɐ/ 'first, primary' vs. kaadc /kɐ̀:/ 'I' (1SG.NOM)