Difference between revisions of "Lenezan"

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Responsibility for educational supervision in  Lenezan is primarily organized within the individual federal states. Children age 1-5 years old are guaranteed a place in a public kindergarten (Siyan: vílmavšó). After vílmavšó, children attend Primary education which usually lasts for four to six years. Secondary schooling is divided into tracks based on whether students pursue academic or vocational education. A system of apprenticeship called the dual education system that leads to a skilled qualification that is almost comparable to an academic degree. It allows students in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run trade school. This model is well regarded and reproduced all around the world. The school system in general is largely financed by taxes.
Responsibility for educational supervision in  Lenezan is primarily organized within the individual federal states. Children age 1-5 years old are guaranteed a place in a public kindergarten (Siyan: vílmavšó). After vílmavšó, children attend Primary education which usually lasts for four to six years. Secondary schooling is divided into tracks based on whether students pursue academic or vocational education. A system of apprenticeship called the dual education system that leads to a skilled qualification that is almost comparable to an academic degree. It allows students in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run trade school. This model is well regarded and reproduced all around the world. The school system in general is largely financed by taxes.


Most of the Lenezi universities are public institutions, and students traditionally study without fee payment. The general requirement for university is the Hembadzé, which is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Lenezan. It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of their 4SY12, usually after twelve or thirteen years of schooling. According to recent studies on education around Sahar, Lenezan is a leading destination for international study. The established universities in Lenezan include some of the oldest in the world, with Asolaňepa University(established in 1290) being the oldest. The Gąrir University of Áluavagan, founded in 1789 by the liberal educational reformer Amisavon Gąrir, became an academic model for many Vaniuan universities. In the contemporary era Lenezan has developed the Six Houses, which are four higher education institutions that have gained the most prestige and are synonymous with excellence in not only Lenezan but the world.
Most of the Lenezi universities are public institutions, and students traditionally study without fee payment. The general requirement for university is the Hembadzé, which is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Lenezan. It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of their 4SY12, usually after twelve or thirteen years of schooling. According to recent studies on education around Sahar, Lenezan is a leading destination for international study. The established universities in Lenezan include some of the oldest in the world, with Asolaňepa University(established in 1290) being the oldest. The Gąrir University of Áluavagan, founded in 1789 by the liberal educational reformer Amisavon Gąrir, became an academic model for many Vaniuan universities. In the contemporary era Lenezan has developed the Four Houses, which are four higher education institutions that have gained the most prestige and are synonymous with excellence in not only Lenezan but the world.
 


===Healthcare===
===Healthcare===

Revision as of 17:34, 28 March 2021

The Federal Republic of Lenezan
: Yunusira Erešet dó Lenehbaňa.
The Great Waves
Flag
CapitalIhana
Largest city Afąván
Official languages Siyan
Recognised national languages Vosan, Sebnese, Sylazian
Ethnic groups Lenezi (72%)
Sebnese (19%)
Vos (6%)
Other(Mainly from Vaniua and East Soltenna) (3%)
Government Federal parliamentary monarchy
 -  Monarch Vastesces II
 -  Prime Minister Senir Şalnavar il-Ughreb
Legislature Parliament
 -  Upper house Yunusira Dugestá(Federal Council)
 -  Lower house Yunusira Mačam(Federal Diet)
Establishment
 -  The Rise Of X 340 CE 
 -  Ahiri Dynasty 435 CE 
 -  Qasam's Kingdom 545 CE 
 -  Êjirileneh(Êjiri Dynasty) 592 CE 
 -  Confederation of Lenehsan 1127 
 -  Kingdom of Lenezan(Dubesebe Dynasty) 1298 CE 
 -  Acts of King Azoz IV 1914 CE 
 -  Formation of the Republic 1953 CE 
Area
 -  594,247 km2
229,440 sq mi
Population
 -  2020 census 46,710,394
GDP (PPP) 2020 estimate
 -  Total Increase $1.907 trillion
 -  Per capita Increase $40,832
GDP (nominal) 2020 estimate
 -  Total Increase $1.463 trillion
 -  Per capita Increase $31,331
Gini (2020)33.8
medium
HDI (2020)0.897
very high
Currency Lenezi Êjiricurka (LEC)
Time zone SCT (SCT+2)
Drives on the "right"
Calling code +741
Internet TLD .ln

Lenezan (Siyan: Lenehbaňa [lɛnɛbäňʌ]), officially the Federal Republic of Lenezan (Siyan: Yunusira Erešet dó Lenehbaňa), is a country located at the crossroads of Vaniua and Soltenna. Its territory is primarily within Vaniua, although the western parts of the country are geographically disputed with Soltenna. The nation consists of the Conąva Plains in much of the south, and the Banovesh Mountainous regions in the north. Lenezan is bordered to the west by Solama which is disputed with their other neighbor Asota, it also borders Vosan to the south, Khezan to the east, and the Gulf of Sharkunen. Ihana is the capital of Lenezan, while Afąván is the largest city in the region as well as the cultural, social, and commercial center of the nation. Other major cities in Lenezan include Alirbača, Birisolama, Mažatarisav, Doremarah, and Áluavagan. Lenezan has a population of a little over 46 million people, and a GDP of $(TBD) trillion, it has one of the largest economies in Vaniua.

Due to its central geographic location in Southern Miraria and the Gulf of Sharkunen, Lenezan has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures. In addition to various ancient groups dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Lenezan, the most predominant being the Proto-Vaniuan Lenezi who would soon give the country its name. Jiuzemic, Daskannic, and X tribes populated the region in 100 CE and established the first few settlements in Lenezan. Around 200 CE, the first few Lenezi city-states were forming along the coast and rivers in the southeast. After centuries of relative peace and prosperity in the region, the stratocratic city-state of X under the leadership of Zivå the Cunning in 340 CE formed the first-ever pan-Lenezi state in its history through brutal conquest. However, due to the region’s attractive Mediterranean climate, it was prone to much war and dynastic cycles for the next couple of centuries.

This chaotic system eventually fell apart in the 500s after Qasam’s Kingdom invaded the Ahiri Dynasty and spanned from Lenezan to Siyezan, ruling over the vast region for the next 9 decades. This was when Zarasaism arrived and flourished in the region during this time. But around 592 CE, Qasam’s Kingdom was split between his four grandsons after his death. One of these grandsons, Êjiri, inherited the area composing Lenezan. He capitalized on the vast profitable trade flowing through the region, which was due to the kingdom being at the crossroads of Soltenna and Vaniua, and formed a prosperous kingdom named Êjirileneh which existed from 592 to 723. Its great wealth has made it a target as many other states surrounding it would engage in frequent war with Êjirileneh in the early 700s. This led to its demise as it collapsed into mercantile states, stratocratic city-states, feudal kingdoms, maritime republics, and more. A period known as the Lilac Wars spanned over 2 centuries, as they were a series of unification and geopolitical conflicts that plagued the region. It will not be until the 10th century that another state would conquer all of Lenezan. Lady Amsta of Dubesebe, a descendant of Êjiri, utilized her diplomatic skills and political knowledge created a series of alliances, coalitions, and vassals to steadily gain more influence in Lenezan. Finally, after the 6th Lilac War, Amsta of Dubesebe finally united Lenezan under the Confederation of Lenehsan with the capital based in the city of Duzunaduro. For the next two centuries, grandiose infrastructural projects came into full fruition as this era gave Lenezan its unique architectural landscape which clearly incorporated both Vaniuan and Soltennan architecture creating the unique architecture of Lenezan.

In 1278, the Confederation faced a civil war which was a result of the Dubesebe Royal Family trying to slowly centralize power in the region. Eventually, after over 20 years, the Dubesebe Royalists sprung out of the conflict victorious, and the Confederation turned into the Kingdom of Lenezan. For much of the 14th and 15th centuries, the ruling family-focused much of its resources on forming a robust navy in order to counter growing Vos imperialism. In turn, many exploration missions were funded in order to establish small profitable trade colonies and outposts across Sahar helping to usher in the Age of Exploration, while also experiencing a renaissance involving the sciences, humanism, exploration, and the arts well into the 17th century. Lenezi culture burgeoned, as it produced famous scholars, artists, and polymaths. Lenezi commercial and political power waxed and waned throughout the 18th century, as it had to compete with greater powers to its east and west over control of the region. This century also saw the formation of a parliamentary system of government, as well as the weakening of the monarchy.

In the early 19th century, Lenezan experienced the Industrial Revolution which greatly shaped the face of the nation and ushered in a new era for the better. However, due to poor factory conditions as well as the lack of workers’ rights in the nation a series of strikes and protests in the mid-1800s forced the Dubesebe royal family to not only provide a series of bills enacting their demands but also continue to make concessions in terms of power. The nation continued to move forward in a socially progressive path that would be fueled by nationalism and anti-monarchism. This ideological predicament would soon toss the country into the Lenezi Civil War(1895-1901) which ended in a pyrrhic victory for the Royalist/Republicanist Faction against the Balkist-Kúúlist Coalition.

The early 20th century was a period for reconstruction, economic crisis, social turmoil, and a continuous spike in Lenezi nationalism, as the monarch at the time, King Azoz IV continued to pass reforms that would give more power to the Prime Minister and Parliament and officially rid the monarchy of any real political power over Lenezan. Soon after these sweeping reforms in the 1910s and early 20s, Sannism grew in popularity in Lenezan, which would eventually lead to the Sannist Patriots of Lenezan winning a Parliamentary majority in 1924 and the political strongman Boneava Burjecina rising to the position of Prime Minister. After a series of backdoor deals with the newly crowned prince, Vayeşet II, he managed to strongarm a deal out of him to ensure that the royal family will support the new Sannist regime and the dissolution of Parliament. A series of poor economic decisions and disastrous financial ventures caused the nation to be embroiled in economic destruction and the Second Lenezi Civil War(1951-1953). This would be between the Lenezi Sannists and the Lenezi Republicans leading to a Republican victory. Following the civil war, Lenezan established a federal republic in 1953, enjoyed a prolonged economic boom, and became a relatively developed nation.

Today, Lenezan is considered to be one of Sahar’s most culturally and economically advanced countries, as it has the world’s (TBD) largest economy due to its Golden Trinity which spanned from the 60s to early 2000s. It ranks highly in life expectancy, quality of life, healthcare, and education. Lenezan plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural, and diplomatic affairs; with it being a strong regional power. It is however unarguable to state that Lenezan is one of if not the strongest country when it comes to soft power. Since the 21st century, Lenezan has been renowned for its influential pop culture, particularly in music (Le-Pop), TV dramas, food, and cinema, a phenomenon referred to as the Lenezi Wave. Over the last 50 years, it has worked to become a leader in industry and trade, for years, leading the world in exports. Lenezi culture has spread across the world through its food, music, films/animation, beauty products, customs, and traditions. Through this, they have built a strong network of friendships throughout the world, and have acquired a relatively upstanding international reputation. As a result. they are one of the most respected nations in Miraria and one of the most liked nations in the world.

Etymology

History

Prehistory and Antiquity

The First Dynasties of the Lenezi

Qasam’s Kingdom and Tales of Êjirileneh

The Middle Ages

The Age of Exploration, Progress, and Prosperity

The Industrial Era

Struggle of Ideologies

Sannist Regime

Republican Lenezan

Geography

Geology

Climate

Biodiversity

Politics

Government

Lenezan is a federal state and constitutional monarchy in which the power of the monarch is limited to a ceremonial role. Executive power is instead wielded by the Prime Minister of Lenezan and his Cabinet, whose sovereignty is vested in the Lenezi people. King X is the current monarch, having succeeded his mother Ihan IV upon his accession to the Duzunaduro Throne in 2009.

Without focusing on the monarchical aspect of the nation, Lenezan is a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic republic. Federal legislative power is vested in the parliament consisting of the Yunusira Mačam(Federal Diet) and Yunusira Dugestá(Federal Council), which together form the legislative body. The Yunusira Mačam is elected through direct elections using the mixed-member proportional representation system. The members of the Yunusira Dugestá represent and are appointed by the governments of the sixteen federated states. The Lenezi political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1954 constitution known as the Basic Law. Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both the Yunusira Mačam and the Yunusira Dugestá; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the separation of powers, the federal structure, and the rule of law, are valid in perpetuity.

Following the monarch, the second-highest official in Lenezi order of precedence is the Jecinyunumačam(president of the Federal Diet), who is elected by the Yunisira Mačam and responsible for overseeing the daily sessions of the body. The third-highest official and the head of government is the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the president of the Yunusira Mačam after being elected by the party or coalition with the most seats in the Yunucira Mačam. The Prime Minister, currently X Y, is the head of government and exercises executive power through their Cabinet.

Since 1955, the party system has been dominated by the Zarasaist Democratic Consortium and the Social Democratic Party of Lenezan. So far every prime minister has been a member of one of these parties. However, the smaller liberal Free Egalitarian Party and the Green League have also been junior partners in coalition governments. Since 2007, the left-wing populist party The Grand Left has been a staple in the Lenezi Federal Diet, though it has never been part of the federal government. In the 2017 Lenezi federal election, the right-wing populist party 'Third Way for Lenezan' gained enough votes to attain representation in the parliament for the first time. Lenezan is currently leading Vaniua in statistics measuring equality in the political system and equality in the education system. The official voting system for Lenezan is First Past the Post or FPTP for short.

Law and Criminal Justice

Lenezan has a civil law system based on the Êjirileneh Civil law with references to Dubesebe Imperial Law. The (Federal Supreme Court) is the Lenezi supreme court responsible for constitutional matters, with the power of judicial review, while the (Supreme Court of Justice), is the last level of jurisdiction for infra-constitutional matters. Criminal and private laws are codified on the national level in the (Criminal Code) and the (Civil Code) respectively. The Lenezi criminal system seeks the rehabilitation of the criminal and the protection of the public. Other codified laws include the (Code of Consumer Protection), and the Civil and Criminal codes of process.

The Lenezi justice is divided into many bodies: the Federal Supreme Court; the National Council of Justice; the Superior Court of Justice; the Provincial Courts of Law and Judges of Law; the Regional Federal Courts and Federal Judges; the Superior Labor Court, the Regional Labor Courts, and Labor Judges; the Superior Electoral Court, the Regional Electoral Courts, and Electoral Judges; the Superior Military Court, Regional Military Courts, and Military Judges. As seen, justice is divided into branches: Federal Justice, Common Justice, Electoral Justice, Labor Justice, and Military Justice.

Crime in Lenezan has been recorded since the 1500s. Crime rates have varied over time, with a sharp rise after 1955, reaching a broad peak between the late 1960s and early 1970s. Since then, crime has declined significantly in Lenezan and current crime rates are among the lowest in the developed world.

The drug policy of Lenezan was put in place in 2000 and was legally effective from July 2000. The new law maintained the status of illegality for using or possessing any drug for personal use without authorization (except cannabis since its legalization in 2012). However, the offense was changed from a criminal one, with prison a possible punishment, to an administrative one if the amount possessed was no more than a ten-day supply of that substance. This new policy was accompanied by a plethora of public health initiatives to prevent drug use and treat addicts.

Between 2000 and 2017, there were some small isolated reports of government corruption in Lenezan. The 2017 Transparency International's annual corruption index recorded that the Lenezi public perceived the country as relatively free of corruption, with a Corruption Perceptions Index of 73.

Law Enforcement

In Lenezan, the law establishes five different policing institutions that are not subordinate to each other for the implementation of the law: the Federal Police, the Judicial Police, the Security Police, the Federal Transit Police, and the Coast Patrol. Also, according to the constitution, the provinces have the role of organizing their police force (Civil and Security Police). The Municipalities have the right of organizing their unarmed Municipal Guard. All police forces are under the responsibility of the executive power in the federal or provincial governments. The Federal Police (Siyan: X Y) has the function to refrain and investigate crimes committed against the republic or which are of national or international concern such as terrorism, international drug trafficking, illegal immigration, embezzlement, corruption, among others.

The Judicial Police (Siyan: X Y) has similar duties to the Federal Police, being judiciary police, but on a sub-national level. It is the main police force of the provinces.

The function of the Security Police(Siyan: X Y) is of being an ostensive police force, maintaining public order, and investigation of criminal offenses occurring in the territory of their jurisdiction. The Security Police can also act in support of the provincial polices in public disorder situations arising anywhere in the country. The Security Police serves as an auxiliary and reserve force to the Grand Army of Lenezan.

The Federal Transit Police (Siyan: X Y Z) is the Lenezi traffic police force. Its functions are to inspect traffic infractions and enforce traffic rules; inspect the traffic in the Lenezi highways and railways, as well as stop any illegal activity of transporting goods or people, and inspect the Lenezi land borders against illegal immigration, drugs trafficking, smuggling, etc.

The Coastal Patrol (Siyan: X Y) has the function to play the role of maritime and customs police curbing and investigating criminal offenses committed in the exclusive economic zone and frontier rivers, such as smuggling, embezzlement, illegal immigration, and others as well as monitor and combat environmental crimes. The Coastal Police serves as an auxiliary and reserve force to the Grand Navy of Lenezan.

Besides these, there are the Military Polices, within the jurisdiction of each one of the Armed Forces and the Environmental Guard, which have the function to investigate and prevent crimes against the environment such as illegal deforestation.

Administrative divisions

Foreign relations

Military

The Lenezan Defense Force is the sole military wing of the Lenezi security forces and is headed by its Chief of General Staff, the Jecina of National Defense, subordinate to the Cabinet. The LDF consists of the army, air force, and navy. It was officially founded in 1798 yet its branches were founded much earlier. The LDF also draws upon the resources of the Federal Intelligence Bureau, which works with the Great Wave and the Central Agency of Intelligence. The Lenezi Defense Forces have been involved in several major wars and border conflicts since its founding and the need for a strong deterrence has always been seen, making it one of the most battle-trained armed forces in the world.

Most Lenezi are drafted into the military at the age of 18. Men serve two years and eight months and women two years. Following mandatory service, Lenezi men join the reserve forces and usually do up to several weeks of reserve duty every year until their forties. Most women are exempt from reserve duty. As a result of its conscription program, the LDF maintains approximately 646,500 active troops and an additional 1.7 million reservists many of which are home guards, giving Lenezan one of the world’s highest percentage of citizens with military training.

The nation's military relies heavily on high-tech weapons systems designed and manufactured in Lenezan as well as some foreign imports. The Museket missile is one of the world's few operational anti-ballistic missile systems. The Bonta air-to-air missile series is often considered one of the most crucial weapons in its military history. The Lenezi Spike missile is one of the most widely exported anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) in the world. The X Y anti-missile air defense system gained worldwide acclaim after intercepting hundreds of enemy artillery during operations in Solama against Asota. Since the late 70s, Lenezan has developed a network of reconnaissance satellites. The success of the Imruteçka program has made Lenezan one of a handful of countries capable of launching such satellites.

Economy

Lenezan has a major advanced social market economy, ranking as having one of the strongest economies in the world. It is regarded as one of the world's most industrialized nations and a leading country in world trade and exports. It is a highly developed country, with the world’s X highest quality of life. The country is well known for its creative and innovative business, a large and competitive agricultural sector (with the world's largest wine production), and for its influential and high-quality automobile, machinery, food, design, and fashion industry.

Its massive investment in education has taken the country from mass illiteracy to a major international technological powerhouse. The country's national economy benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentages of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. Lenezan's economy was one of the world's fastest-growing from the early 1960s to the late 1990s and was still one of the fastest-growing developed countries in the 2000s. It recorded the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990. Lenezis refers to this growth as the Golden Trinity.

Lenezan is the world's X largest manufacturing country, characterised by a smaller number of global multinational corporations than other economies of comparable size and many dynamic small and medium-sized enterprises, notoriously clustered in several industrial districts, which are the backbone of the Lenezi industry. This has produced a manufacturing sector often focused on the export of niche market and luxury products, that if on one side is less capable to compete on the quantity, on the other side is more capable of facing the competition from Ekuosia and other emerging Puzimm economies based on lower labor costs, with higher quality products. Lenezan was the world's X largest exporter in 2016. Its closest trade ties are with the other countries in Vaniua and Soltenna, with whom it conducts about 63% of its total trade. Its largest Mirarian trade partners, in order of market share, are X, Y, and Z. Lenezan is also one of the largest exporters and importers of goods globally. Its main exports are vehicles, iron and steel products, semiconductors and auto parts, chemical goods, electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, transport equipment, basic metals, food and drink products, and rubber and plastics.

Lenezan has a large industrial capacity and is home to some of the "largest and most technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemical substances, textiles, and processed foods". Lenezan’s industrial sector makes up approximately 27.5% of its GDP. The country's manufacturing output is the fifth highest in the world as of 2019. It is home to the world-renowned automobile company, Liogo, which is the world’s sixth largest automobile company.

The automotive industry is a significant part of the Lenezi manufacturing sector, with over 139,000 firms and almost 313,000 employed people in 2015, and a contribution of 8.5% to Lenezi GDP. Ziva Aral Automobiles or ZAA is currently the world's seventh-largest automaker. The country boasts a wide range of acclaimed products, from very compact city cars to luxury supercars such as Dolkana, Letčana, and Perzovanga, which was rated the world's most powerful brand.

Lenezan maintains its own currency, the Lenezi Êjiricurka (LEC), and is one of the oldest currencies still in use, dating back to the days of Lenezibada. The Lenezi [LIT: Kingdom’s Bank]—founded in 1681 and thus the oldest central bank in the world—is currently focusing on price stability with an inflation target of 2%. According to the Economic Survey of Lenezan 2007, the average inflation in Lenezan has been one of the lowest among Mirarian countries since the mid-1990s, largely because of deregulation and quick utilization of globalization.

Lenezan ranks highly on the ease of doing business index. The Lenezi variant of social capitalism has many distinct features: glemacho(IRL keiretsu) enterprises are influential, and lifetime employment and seniority-based career advancement are common in the Lenezi work environment. Lenezan has a large cooperative sector, with one of the ten largest cooperatives in the world, including one of the largest consumer cooperatives and one of the largest agricultural cooperatives in the world as of 2018. Lenezan also ranks highly for competitiveness and economic freedom.

Agriculture

According to the last national agricultural census, there were 1.6 million farms in 2010 (−32.4% since 2000) covering 12.7 million hectares (63% of which are located in Southern Lenezan). The vast majority (99%) are family-operated and small, averaging only 8 hectares in size. Of the total surface area in agricultural use (forestry excluded), grain fields take up 31%, olive tree orchards 8.2%, vineyards 5.4%, citrus orchards 3.8%, sugar beets 1.7%, and horticulture 2.4%. The remainder is primarily dedicated to pastures (25.9%) and feed grains (11.6%).

Lenezan is the world's largest wine producer, and one of the leading in olive oil, fruits (apples, olives, grapes, oranges, lemons, pears, apricots, hazelnuts, peaches, cherries, plums, strawberries and kiwifruits), and vegetables (especially artichokes and tomatoes). The most famous Lenezi wines are probably the Ivoporan Lebanto and the Duzunaduro Vold'arme. Other famous wines are Çoboanimpa, Çzilingoso, Matar’vin Anscalph, Yodeggha, Tsayarde il-Barroko, Nuchuze Velempa, and the sparkling wines Miadestila and Jioncobo.

Transport

With its central position in South-Central Miraria, Lenezan is a transport hub for the continent. Its road network is among the densest in Vaniua. The Lenezi motorway is widely known for having no federally mandated speed limit for some classes of vehicles. Lenezan has invested heavily in transportation infrastructure, especially after the Second Lenezi Civil War. The country has approximately 1,200,000 kilometers (750,000 miles) of roads made up of 1,000,000 kilometers (620,000 miles) of city, town, and village roads, 130,000 kilometers (81,000 miles) of prefectural roads, 54,736 kilometers (34,011 miles) of general national highways and 7641 kilometers (4748 miles) of national expressways as of 2017. In 2005, about 34,667,000 passenger cars (590 cars per 1,000 people) and 4,015,000 goods vehicles circulated on the national road network.

The national railway network, state-owned and operated by Umasa Selcamtse Lenezan (USL), in 2008 totaled 16,529 km (10,271 mi) of which 11,727 km (7,287 mi) is electrified, and on which 4,802 locomotives and railcars run. The main public operator of high-speed trains is Yunulenezani, part of USL. Higher-speed trains on the national railway network are divided into three categories: Red arrow trains operate at a maximum speed of 300 km/h on dedicated high-speed tracks; Silver Attow trains operate at a maximum speed of 250 km/h on both high-speed and mainline tracks; and [ITH] (English: white arrow) trains operate on high-speed regional lines at a maximum speed of 200 km/h. Since privatization was introduced in 1987, dozens of Lenezi railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets with certain regulations; major companies include seven PLR enterprises, Salirsav, Nezanaha Railway and CBI Corporation. The high-speed Venosa (bullet trains) that connect major cities are known for their safety and punctuality.

Lenezan is one of the countries with the most vehicles per capita, with 690 per 1000 people in 2010. The national inland waterways network comprised 2,400 km (1,491 mi) of navigable rivers and channels for various types of commercial traffic in 2012.

Lenezan’s largest airline is Jirilenezan, which serves 97 destinations (as of September 2019) and also operates a regional subsidiary under the Jirilenezan CityLiner brand. The country also has regional airlines (such as Air Alirbača), low-cost carriers, and Charter and leisure carriers (including Vecos, Maginhos Airlines and Hosra Air Cargo). Major Lenezi cargo operators are Jirilenezan Cargo and Basticos Lenezan. Lenezan is the seventh in Miraria by number of passengers by air transport, with about 148 million passengers or about 30% of the Vaniuan total in 2011. In 2012 there were 130 airports in Lenezan. The largest domestic airport, Uruza Airport in Ihana, was Miraria’s fourth-busiest airport in 2019. The Letelzori and Sorcatagae superport hubs are among the largest in the world, at 7.98 and 5.22 million TEU respectively as of 2017.

In 2004 there were 43 major seaports, including the seaport of Afąván, the country's largest and second-largest in the Gulf of Sharkunen. In 2005, Lenezan maintained a civilian air fleet of about 389,000 units and a merchant fleet of 581 ships.

Lenezan has been the trade bridge between Soltenna and Vaniua for many centuries. In particular, the establishment of naval trade routes intensified sea trade with Puzimm and Ekuosia from the 16th century. Since the end of the Ideological Wars of the 20th Century and increasing Vaniuan integration, the trade relations, which were often interrupted in the 20th century, have intensified again and the Lenezi ports such as the deep-water port of Ainanifą in the northernmost part of the Gulf of Sharkunen with its extensive rail connections to Soltenna and Vaniua are once again the destination of government subsidies and significant foreign investment.

Energy

Lenezan is one of the world's leading producers of pozzolana, pumice, and feldspar. Another notable mineral resource is marble, especially the world-famous white Šalava marble from the Yesiri and Šalava quarries in Šalavabada. Lenezan needs to import about 80% of its energy requirements.

In the last decade, Lenezan has become one of the world's largest producers of renewable energy, specifically ranking in the top 15 when it comes for renewable energy production. Wind power, hydroelectricity, and geothermal power are also important sources of electricity in the country. Renewable sources account for 27.5% of all electricity produced in Lenezan, with hydro alone reaching 12.6%, followed by solar at 5.7%, wind at 4.1%, bioenergy at 3.5%, and geothermal at 1.6%. The rest of the national demand is covered by fossil fuels (28.2% natural gas, 8% coal, 8.4% oil), nuclear energy (15%), and imports.

After June 1987 almost all of the country's nuclear power plants had been taken offline because of ongoing public opposition following the Mažatarisav disaster in March 1986, though government officials continued to try to sway public opinion in favor of returning at least some to service. The Menèlvem Nuclear Power Plant restarted in 1995, and since then several other nuclear power plants have been restarted. Lenezan currently lacks a lot of domestic reserves and has a large dependence on imported energy. The country has therefore aimed to diversify its sources and maintain high levels of energy efficiency.

Science and technology

Lenezan is a leading nation in scientific research, particularly in the natural sciences and engineering. Lenezan's development of cutting-edge technologies in software, communications, and the life sciences has evoked comparisons to other high-tech areas outside of the country. Lenezan ranks high in innovation and expenditure on research and development as a percentage of GDP. It boasts 112 scientists, technicians, and engineers per 10,000 employees. Lenezan has been frequently ranked as one of the countries with the highest ratios of scientific papers per capita in the world. Lenezan has been a leader in the world in terms of stem-cell research papers per capita since 2000. Lenezi universities are ranked among the top 50 Sahar universities in computer science(Cabralava, and Ihana University), mathematics (Siyan University of Doremarah), and chemistry (Yunbedar Institute of Science).

Lenezan is one of the nations that lead the world in robotics production and use, supplying 19% of the world's 2017 total. The Lenezi consumer electronics industry, once considered one of the strongest in the world, is in a state of decline as competition arises in countries like Lugida and [TBD]. However, video gaming in Lenezan remains a major industry. In 2014, Lenezan’s consumer video game market grossed $9.81 billion, with $5.7 billion coming from mobile gaming.

The Lenezi Space Agency coordinates all Lenezi space research programs with scientific and commercial goals, and has indigenously designed and built at least 13 commercial, research, and spy satellites. Some of Lenezan's satellites are ranked among the world's most advanced space systems. Korbet is a space launch vehicle produced by Lenezan to launch small satellites into low Sahar orbit. It was first launched in 1988, making Lenezan among the first nations to have a space launch capability. In 2003, Tzak Yolama became Lenezan's first astronaut, serving as a payload specialist of the 78th flight of the Space Rocket program.

Lenezan has embraced solar energy; its engineers are on the cutting edge of solar energy technology and its solar companies work on projects around the world. Over 17% of Lenezi homes use solar energy for hot water. According to government figures, the country saves 8% of its electricity consumption per year because of its solar energy use in heating. The Lenezi have continuously funded an internationally renowned solar research and development industry. Lenezan had a modern electric car infrastructure involving a countrywide network of charging stations to facilitate the charging and exchange of car batteries. It was thought that this would have lowered Lenezan’s oil dependency and lowered the fuel costs of hundreds of Lenezan’s motorists that use cars powered only by electric batteries. However, Lenezan’s trailblazing electric car company Zinava shut down in 2013.

Tourism

Demographics

Ethnic groups

Urbanisation

Language

Education

Responsibility for educational supervision in Lenezan is primarily organized within the individual federal states. Children age 1-5 years old are guaranteed a place in a public kindergarten (Siyan: vílmavšó). After vílmavšó, children attend Primary education which usually lasts for four to six years. Secondary schooling is divided into tracks based on whether students pursue academic or vocational education. A system of apprenticeship called the dual education system that leads to a skilled qualification that is almost comparable to an academic degree. It allows students in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run trade school. This model is well regarded and reproduced all around the world. The school system in general is largely financed by taxes.

Most of the Lenezi universities are public institutions, and students traditionally study without fee payment. The general requirement for university is the Hembadzé, which is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Lenezan. It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of their 4SY12, usually after twelve or thirteen years of schooling. According to recent studies on education around Sahar, Lenezan is a leading destination for international study. The established universities in Lenezan include some of the oldest in the world, with Asolaňepa University(established in 1290) being the oldest. The Gąrir University of Áluavagan, founded in 1789 by the liberal educational reformer Amisavon Gąrir, became an academic model for many Vaniuan universities. In the contemporary era Lenezan has developed the Four Houses, which are four higher education institutions that have gained the most prestige and are synonymous with excellence in not only Lenezan but the world.

Healthcare

Healthcare in Lenezan is mainly tax-funded, universal for all citizens and decentralized, although private health care also exists. The health care system in Lenezan is financed primarily through taxes levied by county councils and municipalities. A total of X councils are in charge of primary and hospital care within the country.

Private healthcare is a rarity in Lenezan, and even those private institutions work under the mandated city councils. The city councils regulate the rules and the establishment of potential private practices. Although in most countries care for the elderly or those who need psychiatric help is conducted privately, in Lenezan local, publicly funded authorities are in charge of this type of care.

Healthcare in Lenezan is similar in quality to other developed nations. Lenezan ranks in the top five countries with respect to low infant mortality. It also ranks high in life expectancy and in safe drinking water. In 2018, health and medical care represented around 11 percent of GDP

Religion

In 2018, the proportions of Lenezi who identified themselves as Qasamist Zarasaists was around 76.8%. Since 1987, Qasamist Zarasaism is no longer officially the state religion. Lenezan has the world's X largest Qasamic Zarasaist population. In 2019, minority Zarasaist faiths in Lenezan included an estimated 1.2 million Orthodox Zarasaists or 2.56% of the population; 932,000 people are members of independent sects in Zarasaism, some of these sects include Zekalemism, Shawadiism, Assembly of Sâğâ, etc.

Soaring immigration in the last three decades has been accompanied by an increase in non-Zarasaist faiths. There are more than 800,000 followers of faiths originating in Northern Ekuosia and Puzimm. The Lenezi state, as a measure to protect religious freedom, devolves shares of income tax to recognized religious communities, under a regime known as the 'Nine per thousand'. Donations are allowed to Zarasaist, X, Y, and Z communities; however, W remains excluded, since no W communities have yet signed a concordat with the Lenezi government. Taxpayers who do not wish to fund a religion contribute their share to the state religion. There has also been a steady surge of irreligion in certain areas of the country, making up an atheist/agnostic population of 14%, however at least a quarter of these citizens pursue spirituality in an alternative form.

Culture

Heritage

Architecture

Literature

Art

Music

Theatre

Film

Cuisine

The Lenezi cuisine has developed through centuries of social and political changes, with roots as far back as the 2nd Century BCE. Lenezi cuisine in itself takes heavy influences, including Vos, Vaniuan, ancient Êjirilenehi, Soltennan, and Sylazian. Lenezi cuisine is noted for its regional diversity, the abundance of difference in taste, and is known to be one of the most popular in all of Sahar, wielding strong influence abroad.

The Sharkunenese diet forms the basis of Lenezi cuisine, rich in pasta, fish, curry, crustaceans, fruits, meat, bread, noodles, and vegetables are characterized by its extreme simplicity and variety, with many dishes having only four to eight ingredients. Lenezi chefs rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation. Dishes and recipes are often derivatives from local and familial tradition rather than created by cooks, so many recipes are ideally suited for home cooking, this being one of the main reasons behind the ever-increasing worldwide popularity of Lenezi cuisine, from Boroso to Baredina to Parshita. Ingredients and dishes vary widely by region. An example of these regional variations is that coastal varieties naturally tend to use olive oil for cooking as well as herbs such as rosemary and garlic, meanwhile, inland varieties use animal fats, hot spice mixes(such as jerk), and woodier spices such as pepper. Lenezi food is known for ranging from the sweetest of dishes to the absolute spiciest.

A key factor in the success of Lenezi cuisine is its heavy reliance on traditional products; Lenezan has one of the most traditional specialties protected under international law. Cheese, cold cuts, potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize, seafood, and wine are a major part of Lenezi cuisine, with many regional declinations and geographic and origin labels, and along with coffee make up a very important part of the Lenezi gastronomic culture. Notable dishes from the nation include Lenezi styled deep dish pizza, a wide variety of Vaniuan based pasta and dumplings such as Afąvánese Pasta, Sylaz Noodles, or Birisolamino, Lenezi Ytamok, Doremarahi Curry and Pasta, and Salebaça Pasta to name a few, and other dishes such as Páunekka, Basuega, Birisolaman Burgers. and Keirfola. Desserts have a long tradition of merging local flavors such as citrus fruits, pistachio, and almonds with sweet cheeses like mascarpone and ricotta or exotic tastes as cocoa, vanilla, and cinnamon. Gelato, tiramisù, and cassata are among the most famous examples of Lenezi desserts, cakes, and patisserie. Many types of ice cream with origins from a variety of Mirarian countries have culminated in Lenezan and evolved in their own unique way. Examples of these are sorbet, mochi, soft serve, kulfi, and yogurts are all attributed to Lenezi cuisine.

Sport

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See also