Difference between revisions of "Ngerupic languages"
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{{Infobox language family | {{Infobox language family | ||
|name = Ngerupic | |name = Ngerupic | ||
|region = [[Akulanen]] and [[Ekuosia]]: | |region = [[Akulanen]] and [[Ekuosia]]: [[Amerhan]], [[Awarahl]], [[Cerman]], [[Kadya]], [[Magali]], [[Qonklaks]], [[Quaxin Xun]], [[Shohai]], [[Utol]], [[Barradiwa]], [[Yachiro]], [[Qonklaks]], [[Riyana]], [[Bosato]] | ||
|familycolor = ngerupic | |familycolor = ngerupic | ||
|family = One of the world's primary [[Wikipedia:Language family|language families]] | |family = One of the world's primary [[Wikipedia:Language family|language families]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The '''Ngerupic languages''' are a [[Wikipedia:Language family|language family]] comprising about 100 languages of southwestern [[Miraria]], primarily the [[Akulanen]] region, which are all descended from [[Wa Ñi language|Wa Ñi]]. They are spoken by about 300 million people in total. The official languages of [[ | The '''Ngerupic languages''' are a [[Wikipedia:Language family|language family]] comprising about 100 languages of southwestern [[Miraria]], primarily the [[Akulanen]] region, which are all descended from [[Wa Ñi language|Wa Ñi]]. They are spoken by about 300 million people in total. The official languages of [[Amerhan]], [[Awarahl]], [[Cerman]], [[Kadya]], [[Magali]], [[Shohai]], [[Quaxin Xun]], [[Qonklaks]], [[Yachiro]], and [[Utol]] are Ngerupic, while Ngerupic languages are spoken by substantial populations in [[Barradiwa]], [[Riyana]], and [[Bosato]]. | ||
Since Wa Ñi was spoken around 5000 years ago, the present-day languages have diverged substantially. [[Magali]] is the area of greatest diversity, with more than half the Ngerupic languages spoken there. Due to the expansion of [[Teixo]] and [[Yavodna language|Yavodna]] within Magali, the regions of greatest diversity are the relatively inaccessible mountainous central and northwest regions of [[Magali]]. Other regions with many smaller Ngerupic languages include [[Shohai]] and [[Awarahl]]. | Since Wa Ñi was spoken around 5000 years ago, the present-day languages have diverged substantially. [[Magali]] is the area of greatest diversity, with more than half the Ngerupic languages spoken there. Due to the expansion of [[Teixo]] and [[Yavodna language|Yavodna]] within Magali, the regions of greatest diversity are the relatively inaccessible mountainous central and northwest regions of [[Magali]]. Other regions with many smaller Ngerupic languages include [[Shohai]] and [[Awarahl]]. | ||
The most-spoken Ngerupic languages on [[Sahar]] are [[Terminian language|Terminian]], [[Teixo]], [[Yavodna]], [[Sąñàwa]] and [[ | The most-spoken Ngerupic languages on [[Sahar]] are [[Terminian language|Terminian]], [[Teixo]], [[Yavodna]], [[Sąñàwa]] and [[Qonklese]], each with more than 10 million speakers. In contrast, many Ngerupic languages of Awarahl, northwestern Amerhan and rural Magali are highly endangered, with less than a hundred thousand speakers each. | ||
==Languages== | ==Languages== | ||
Revision as of 04:49, 4 February 2019
| Ngerupic | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: | Akulanen and Ekuosia: Amerhan, Awarahl, Cerman, Kadya, Magali, Qonklaks, Quaxin Xun, Shohai, Utol, Barradiwa, Yachiro, Qonklaks, Riyana, Bosato |
| Linguistic classification: | One of the world's primary language families |
| Proto-language: | Wa Ñi |
| CWS code | wan |
The Ngerupic languages are a language family comprising about 100 languages of southwestern Miraria, primarily the Akulanen region, which are all descended from Wa Ñi. They are spoken by about 300 million people in total. The official languages of Amerhan, Awarahl, Cerman, Kadya, Magali, Shohai, Quaxin Xun, Qonklaks, Yachiro, and Utol are Ngerupic, while Ngerupic languages are spoken by substantial populations in Barradiwa, Riyana, and Bosato.
Since Wa Ñi was spoken around 5000 years ago, the present-day languages have diverged substantially. Magali is the area of greatest diversity, with more than half the Ngerupic languages spoken there. Due to the expansion of Teixo and Yavodna within Magali, the regions of greatest diversity are the relatively inaccessible mountainous central and northwest regions of Magali. Other regions with many smaller Ngerupic languages include Shohai and Awarahl.
The most-spoken Ngerupic languages on Sahar are Terminian, Teixo, Yavodna, Sąñàwa and Qonklese, each with more than 10 million speakers. In contrast, many Ngerupic languages of Awarahl, northwestern Amerhan and rural Magali are highly endangered, with less than a hundred thousand speakers each.
Languages
| Language | Classification | Number of native speakers | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminian language | Termic | 115,000,000 | Cerman, Amerhan, amongst others |
| Eimami language | Mañi | 49,500,000 | Eimam, others amongst Eimami diaspora |
| Sąñàwa language | Mañi | 30,000,000 (possibly more or less idk -den) | Kadya (South) |
| Teixo | Southern: Chixok | 20,000,000 | Magali (Southwest) |
| Yavodna language | Kumadnyu | 15,000,000 | Magali (Northeast) |
| Hlung language | Mañi | 8,000,000 (idk -den) | Quaxin Xun (Southeast) |
| Ndxiixun language | Mañi: Tuŋñi | 8,000,000 (idk -den) | Quaxin Xun (Central) |
| Xukaku language | Dapen | 8,000,000 | Magali (Northwest) |
| Baridus language | Termic | 4,500,000 | Barradiwa (Baridia) |
| Xingap language | Dapen | 1,500,000 | Magali (Northwest) |
| Yellowislandish language | Yellowislandish | 1,500,000 | Kema Mi Amo (Central) |
| Red Ñiy language | Mañi: Ñiy | 800,000 | Awarahl, Yaahaa Island (North) |
| Jadama language | Hanangerupic: Northern Mountain | 35,000 | Magali (Central) |
| Uutama language | Hanangerupic: Northern Mountain | 2,500 | Magali (Central) |
Taxonomy
The first-order daughters of Wa Ñi seem to have formed a dialect continuum, with subsequent diversification especially in northwest and central Magali. The most commonly agreed-upon taxonomy of Ngerupic languages runs as follows, with primary branches from north to south:
- Yellowislandish language
- Mañi language
- Wan Ji language: Dapen languages
- Wanyima-Wanyuu language: Kumadnyu languages (name Kumadnyu comes from the Dapen word for 'new language', xumą́ñu, adapted into Yavodna)
- Va Ñi language: Hanangerupic languages (this term is used only by some specialists)
- Ejaako languages
- Northern Mountain languages (also known as the Havaa Car languages)
- Ɔ Ñi language: Southern Ngerupic
- Old Terminian language (Termic languages)
Typology
Ngerupic languages are extremely diverse in typology, but some common characteristics are:
- small phonemic inventories, with little phonation contrast
- many sonorants, especially laterals and rhotics
- tone
- nasalized vowels
- simple syllable structure
- noun classes with distinct singular and plural classes
- subject and possibly object prefixes on verbs
- compounding as main form of derivation
- head-initial
- marked mood on verb