Difference between revisions of "Ohanian language"

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
| name             = Ohanian
|name=Ohanian
| altname          =
|nativename=''Innug̃adim'', ''Innuḫadim'', ''Innug̃atim'', ''Innuḫatim''
| nativename       = ''Ogylolyuxha Arhałva''
|acceptance=
| acceptance       =  
|image=
| image           =  
|imagesize= <!-- or image_size -->
| imagesize       = <!-- or image_size -->
|imagealt=
| imagealt         =  
|imagecaption=  
| imagecaption     =
|region=[[Ohania]]
| pronunciation    =  
|era=250 BCE - 800 CE; survived as a liturgical language until the 1400s CE
| region           = Vaniu
|familycolor=vaniuan
| speakers        = Estimated 2 Million
|fam1=[[Vaniuan languages|Vaniuan]]
| date            = 2010
|ancestor=Proto-Ohanian
| dateprefix      =
|ancestor2=Archaic Ohanian
| ref              =  
| script          = [[Old Ohanian Script]]
| refname          =  
| speakers2        =
| revived          =
| revived-category = <!-- or revived-cat -->
| familycolor     = vaniuan
| family          = Vaniuan
| fam1             =
| fam2            =
| fam3            = <!-- up to fam15 -->
| protoname        = [[Proto-Ohanian]]
| ancestor         =  
| ancestor2       = [[Ancient Ohanian]]
| standards        =
| stand1          =
| stand2          = <!-- up to stand6 -->
| dialects        = ''[[#Dialects|See Dialects section]]''
| liststyle        =
| dia1            =
| dia2            = <!-- up to dia20 -->
| script          = [[Vaniuan Alphabet]]
}}
}}
The '''Ohanian''' language is a language spoken by the descendants of the Ohanian Kingdoms of the Medieval Period of Vaniuan history. It is considered one of the more phonetically complicated languages of Vaniua with having a velar-pharyngeal, ejective, plain consonant distinction; while only having four vowels.
'''Ohanian'''; ''Innug̃adim'', ''Innug̃atim'', ''Innuḫadim'', ''Innuḫatim'' <small>IPA:</small> [innuŋatim, innuŋatʰim, innuxatim, innuxatʰim] is an ancient Vaniuan language of [[Ohania]] historically spoken along and around the southern coast of the [[Melkanchuta Sea]]. The language originated in what is now southern [[Khezan]] and eastern [[Vosan]] in western [[Vaniua]]. It is the only language in the Ohanian branch, although as a pluricentric language divided into many dialects, it is perhaps more accurately described as a small family of closely related language varieties. The dominance of Ohanian culture under the [[Mamikian Empire]] saw the spread of the Ohanian language throughout central and western Vaniua in modern day Khezan, Vosan, and [[Komania]].


<!---------------------------------------------------------------------------------[   HEY YOU      YEAH YOU, PERSON WRITING THIS PAGE, READ THIS    ]------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
During the 6th Century CE, cultural exchange between the Ohanians and [[Bodny|Bodnians]] developed, including widespread language contact. The influence of Ohanian on Bodnian is evident from extensive lexical borrowing, primarily from the former into the latter, although some syntactic and morphological convergence is also evident.


This page should be an IN-UNIVERSE description of the language. It is also NOT the primary documentation site of your language. This is not your descriptive grammar, this is a wikipedia style page for (for the most part) non-linguists, which means I don't want pages of paradigm tables or hour long write ups of the intricacies of relativisation on demoted inverted objects in locational clauses.
[[Bodnian language|Bodnian]] gradually replaced Ohanian as a spoken language around 800 CE (although the exact date is subject to debate) but Ohanian continued to be used as a liturgical, literary, and scientific language in Bodnian-speaking states such as x and x until the 14th Century when it was likely fully replaced by Bodnian and largely forgotten.
 
Start writing your page here, with a general introduction and basic facts about the language (when and where its spoken, by who and how many, a brief history)
 
-->


==Classification==
==Classification==
<!-- what language family is the language in? why is it classified in that family? -->


== History ==
== History ==
 
The Ohanian language is initially recorded in texts by the name ''Řahahdim'' or ''Řahatim'' (other variants including: ''Řahaḫdim'', ''Řaʾahdim'', ''Řaʾaḫdim'', and ''Řaʾatim'') generally interpreted as meaning 'the first language' or 'the original/native language', and derived from the prefix ''řa-'' 'first; ur-; original; native; before' from PV *sʰɛmo 'first' and the noun ''hahdim'' 'language; throat' from PV *sostim- 'language; throat'. Later, the language was more commonly recorded as ''Innug̃adim'' or ''Innug̃atim'' (dialectally: ''Innuḫadim'' or ''Innuḫatim'') meaning 'the Ohanian language' or, perhaps more literally, 'the civilised language' from the adjective ''innug̃'' 'civilised' (originally, and still in some uses, 'clothed' from PV *innuŋ- 'clothed', and later taken more broadly as a term for the Ohanians and their culture, in contrast with the ''daral'' 'unclothed; barbarian' non-Ohanians from PV *tałal- 'crazy') and the noun ''hahdim'' 'language; throat'. The dialectal presence of ''ḫ'' in this name suggests an older voiceless velar nasal formed from the compounding of *g̃ and *h, indicating that the initial usage of this name must have occurred sometime in the late Proto-Ohanian or early Archaic Ohanian period. It is likely that at this time, the name ''Innug̃adim'' was reserved for more formal, high-register language as the term ''innug̃'' itself was used only in such settings prior to the Classical period, before later adopting a more generalised usage with the spread of Ohanian culture under the Mamikian Empire.
<!-- What is the history of the language?
Where did it come from, who spoke it originally, how has it spread, what contact has it had with other languages ? -->


==Phonology==
==Phonology==


<!-- What sounds does your language use?
===Consonants===
Example headings:
 
Phonemes
Allophony
Syllable structure
Stress
 
If necessary this can be split into its own article
 
-->
 
===Phonemes===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! style="width: 68px; "|
|+ '''Classical Ohanian consonants'''
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
|-
|-
! style="" |Nasal
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
|  
! rowspan="2" | Labial
|  
! colspan="2" | Alveolar
|  
! colspan="2" | Palatal
|  
! rowspan="2" | Velar
|  
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
|  
|-
! <small>central</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>first</small>
! <small>second</small>
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasals
| m ⟨m⟩
| n ⟨n⟩
|
| colspan="2" | ɲ ⟨ñ⟩
| ŋ ⟨g̃⟩
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Plosives
! <small>plain</small>
| p ⟨b⟩
| t ⟨d⟩
|
| t͡ʃ~c ⟨ĵ⟩
| t͡ɕ~c ⟨ǰ⟩
| k ⟨g⟩
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Plosive
! <small>aspirated</small>
|  
| pʰ ⟨p⟩
|  
| tʰ ⟨t⟩
|  
|
|  
| t͡ʃʰ~cʰ ⟨ĉ⟩
|  
| t͡ɕʰ~cʰ ⟨č⟩
|  
| kʰ ⟨k⟩
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Fricative
! colspan="2" | Fricatives
|
| f ⟨f⟩
|  
| (s~ç ⟨s⟩)
|  
| (ɬ ⟨s̠⟩)
|  
| ʃ ⟨š⟩
|  
|  
|  
| x ⟨ḫ⟩
| h ⟨h⟩
|-
|-
! style="" |Approximant
! rowspan="2" | Affricates
|
! <small>unaspirated</small>
|  
|
|  
| t͡s ⟨z⟩
|  
| (t͡ɬ ⟨ḏ⟩)
|  
|||||||
|  
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
|-
! style="" |Close
! <small>aspirated</small>
|
|
|  
|  
| t͡sʰ ⟨ř⟩
| t͡ɬʰ ⟨ṯ⟩
|||||||
|-
|-
! style="" |Mid
! colspan="2" | Liquids
|  
|
|  
| (ɾ ⟨ř⟩)
|  
| l ⟨l⟩
| colspan="2" | ʎ ⟨ḻ⟩
| ɣ ⟨r⟩
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Open
! colspan="2" | Glides
|  
| w ⟨w⟩
|  
|||
|  
| colspan="2" | j ⟨y⟩
|||
|}
|}
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->


==Morphology and syntax==
==Morphology and syntax==
<!--
For morphology consider how the words in your language look, how do you derive words from others, do you have cases, are verbs inflected, do nouns differ from adjectives, do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
Nouns
Verbs
Derivational morphology
For syntax consider things like word order and construction of clauses.
-->


==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==


==Writing and literature==
==Writing and literature==
<!-- How is the language written? What literature is there written in the language? -->


{{Ling-stub}}
[[Category:Ohania]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Revision as of 01:28, 6 October 2022

Ohanian
Innug̃adim, Innuḫadim, Innug̃atim, Innuḫatim
RegionOhania
Era250 BCE - 800 CE; survived as a liturgical language until the 1400s CE
Language family
Vaniuan
  • Ohanian
Early forms:
Proto-Ohanian
  • Archaic Ohanian
    • Ohanian
Writing systemOld Ohanian Script
CWS code

Ohanian; Innug̃adim, Innug̃atim, Innuḫadim, Innuḫatim IPA: [innuŋatim, innuŋatʰim, innuxatim, innuxatʰim] is an ancient Vaniuan language of Ohania historically spoken along and around the southern coast of the Melkanchuta Sea. The language originated in what is now southern Khezan and eastern Vosan in western Vaniua. It is the only language in the Ohanian branch, although as a pluricentric language divided into many dialects, it is perhaps more accurately described as a small family of closely related language varieties. The dominance of Ohanian culture under the Mamikian Empire saw the spread of the Ohanian language throughout central and western Vaniua in modern day Khezan, Vosan, and Komania.

During the 6th Century CE, cultural exchange between the Ohanians and Bodnians developed, including widespread language contact. The influence of Ohanian on Bodnian is evident from extensive lexical borrowing, primarily from the former into the latter, although some syntactic and morphological convergence is also evident.

Bodnian gradually replaced Ohanian as a spoken language around 800 CE (although the exact date is subject to debate) but Ohanian continued to be used as a liturgical, literary, and scientific language in Bodnian-speaking states such as x and x until the 14th Century when it was likely fully replaced by Bodnian and largely forgotten.

Classification

History

The Ohanian language is initially recorded in texts by the name Řahahdim or Řahatim (other variants including: Řahaḫdim, Řaʾahdim, Řaʾaḫdim, and Řaʾatim) generally interpreted as meaning 'the first language' or 'the original/native language', and derived from the prefix řa- 'first; ur-; original; native; before' from PV *sʰɛmo 'first' and the noun hahdim 'language; throat' from PV *sostim- 'language; throat'. Later, the language was more commonly recorded as Innug̃adim or Innug̃atim (dialectally: Innuḫadim or Innuḫatim) meaning 'the Ohanian language' or, perhaps more literally, 'the civilised language' from the adjective innug̃ 'civilised' (originally, and still in some uses, 'clothed' from PV *innuŋ- 'clothed', and later taken more broadly as a term for the Ohanians and their culture, in contrast with the daral 'unclothed; barbarian' non-Ohanians from PV *tałal- 'crazy') and the noun hahdim 'language; throat'. The dialectal presence of in this name suggests an older voiceless velar nasal formed from the compounding of *g̃ and *h, indicating that the initial usage of this name must have occurred sometime in the late Proto-Ohanian or early Archaic Ohanian period. It is likely that at this time, the name Innug̃adim was reserved for more formal, high-register language as the term innug̃ itself was used only in such settings prior to the Classical period, before later adopting a more generalised usage with the spread of Ohanian culture under the Mamikian Empire.

Phonology

Consonants

Classical Ohanian consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
central lateral first second
Nasals m ⟨m⟩ n ⟨n⟩ ɲ ⟨ñ⟩ ŋ ⟨g̃⟩
Plosives plain p ⟨b⟩ t ⟨d⟩ t͡ʃ~c ⟨ĵ⟩ t͡ɕ~c ⟨ǰ⟩ k ⟨g⟩
aspirated pʰ ⟨p⟩ tʰ ⟨t⟩ t͡ʃʰ~cʰ ⟨ĉ⟩ t͡ɕʰ~cʰ ⟨č⟩ kʰ ⟨k⟩
Fricatives f ⟨f⟩ (s~ç ⟨s⟩) (ɬ ⟨s̠⟩) ʃ ⟨š⟩ x ⟨ḫ⟩ h ⟨h⟩
Affricates unaspirated t͡s ⟨z⟩ (t͡ɬ ⟨ḏ⟩)
aspirated t͡sʰ ⟨ř⟩ t͡ɬʰ ⟨ṯ⟩
Liquids (ɾ ⟨ř⟩) l ⟨l⟩ ʎ ⟨ḻ⟩ ɣ ⟨r⟩
Glides w ⟨w⟩ j ⟨y⟩

Phonotactics

Morphology and syntax

Vocabulary

Writing and literature