Difference between revisions of "Old Mahavic"

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
| name        = Old Mahavic
| name        = Old Mahavic
| altname      = Proto-Mahavic
| altname      =  
| familycolor  = pem
| familycolor  = pem
| fam1        = [[East-Mirarian languages|East-Mirarian]]
| fam1        = [[East Mirarian languages|East Mirarian]]
| fam2        = [[Mahavic languages|Mahavic]]
| fam2        = [[Mahavic languages|Mahavic]]
| iso3        = mhv
| iso3        = mhv
}}
}}


'''Old Mahavic''' (also '''Proto-Mahavic''') was an [[East-Mirarian languages|East-Mirarian]] language spoken in central [[Mahavia]] in the XXXXth century.
'''Old Mahavic''' or '''Common Mahavic''' refers to a primitive stage in the development of the [[Mahavic languages]], after the separation with [[Agyur language|Agyur]] but before the differentiation into the various remaining branches. It is unclear if it was a single language or a group of closely related and mutually intelligible languages that had derived independently from [[Proto-Mahavic]]. It is attested in a number of texts and inscriptions dating to the [[Ughmar Khaganate]]. Some limited quotations are believed to have been recorded much earlier in some other Parshitan states.


[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Extinct languages]][[Category:East Miraria]][[Category:Language stubs]]
It is generally believed that the attested Old Mahavic language was a rather formal archaic register of the language, as some of the defining features that characterise the modern Mahavic languages are only rarely found despite its rather late attestation.
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; "|
! style="width: 68px; " |Labial
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| m
| n
|
| ɲ
| ŋ
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Stop
! <small>short</small>
| p
| t
| tʃ
| tɕ
| k
|-
! <small>long</small>
| pː
| tː
| tʃː
| tɕː
| kː
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! <small>short</small>
|
| s
| ʃ
| ɕ
|
|-
! <small>long</small>
|
| sː
|
| ɕː
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Approximant
| ʋ
| l
|
| j
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Trill
|
| r
|
|
|
|}
 
Old Mahavic had an unusual contrast of short and long (alternatively, lenis and fortis) obstruents even in word-initial position; compare ''kkoorı'' /kːoːrɯ/ and ''kuurı'' /kuːrɯ/. The precise realisation of these sounds are not clear: medially, the 'long' and 'short' consonants are reflected as geminates in [[West Mahavic languages|West Mahavic]] but as single voiceless in [[East Mahavic languages|East Mahavic]] (compare Old Mahavic ''kätte'' with [[Suenyi language|Suenyi]] čätti /ˈtʃætti/ and [[Zindarri language|Zindarri]] ''käte'' /ˈkæ.tə/), but initially both branches reflect them as short voiceless, although with subsequent glottalisation of the following vowel in East Mahavic (Old Mahavic ''kkoorı'', Suenyi ''kuori'' /ˈkuo.ri/ and Zindarri ''qōri'' /ˈkoˤ.rɨ/). This effect has led some to suspect that the consonant had some sort of phonation instead of or in addition to length; suggested phonations include aspiration, glottalisation, stiff voice or pharyngealisation. Some evidence for this may be found in Ughmar loans: [[Old Ughmar]] aspirated stops are reflected as 'long' (e.g. ''korun'' /kʰɔrʊn/ as Old Mahavic ''kkorun'') while unaspirated stops are reflected as 'short' (e.g. ''daḷun'' /taɭun/ as Old Mahavic ''talun'').
Sonorants may appear as geminates when medial but not initially, so they are not considered to be distinct phonemes.
 
===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="" |<small>rounded</small>
! style="" |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="" |<small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| i
| y
| ɯ
| u
|-
! style="" |Mid
| e
| ø
| ɤ
| o
|-
! style="" |Open
| æ
|
| ɑ
|
|}
 
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Extinct languages]][[Category:Mahavic languages]][[Category:Linguistics stubs]]

Latest revision as of 19:38, 28 September 2022

Old Mahavic
Language family
CWS codemhv

Old Mahavic or Common Mahavic refers to a primitive stage in the development of the Mahavic languages, after the separation with Agyur but before the differentiation into the various remaining branches. It is unclear if it was a single language or a group of closely related and mutually intelligible languages that had derived independently from Proto-Mahavic. It is attested in a number of texts and inscriptions dating to the Ughmar Khaganate. Some limited quotations are believed to have been recorded much earlier in some other Parshitan states.

It is generally believed that the attested Old Mahavic language was a rather formal archaic register of the language, as some of the defining features that characterise the modern Mahavic languages are only rarely found despite its rather late attestation.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop short p t k
long tʃː tɕː
Fricative short s ʃ ɕ
long ɕː
Approximant ʋ l j
Trill r

Old Mahavic had an unusual contrast of short and long (alternatively, lenis and fortis) obstruents even in word-initial position; compare kkoorı /kːoːrɯ/ and kuurı /kuːrɯ/. The precise realisation of these sounds are not clear: medially, the 'long' and 'short' consonants are reflected as geminates in West Mahavic but as single voiceless in East Mahavic (compare Old Mahavic kätte with Suenyi čätti /ˈtʃætti/ and Zindarri käte /ˈkæ.tə/), but initially both branches reflect them as short voiceless, although with subsequent glottalisation of the following vowel in East Mahavic (Old Mahavic kkoorı, Suenyi kuori /ˈkuo.ri/ and Zindarri qōri /ˈkoˤ.rɨ/). This effect has led some to suspect that the consonant had some sort of phonation instead of or in addition to length; suggested phonations include aspiration, glottalisation, stiff voice or pharyngealisation. Some evidence for this may be found in Ughmar loans: Old Ughmar aspirated stops are reflected as 'long' (e.g. korun /kʰɔrʊn/ as Old Mahavic kkorun) while unaspirated stops are reflected as 'short' (e.g. daḷun /taɭun/ as Old Mahavic talun). Sonorants may appear as geminates when medial but not initially, so they are not considered to be distinct phonemes.

Vowels

Front Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close i y ɯ u
Mid e ø ɤ o
Open æ ɑ