Difference between revisions of "Proto-East Mirarian language"
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(Added information on vowels) |
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|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Nasal | ! style="" |Nasal | ||
| colspan="2" | m | | colspan="2" | *m | ||
| colspan="2" | n | | colspan="2" | *n | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| colspan="2" | (ñ) | | colspan="2" | (*ñ) | ||
| colspan="2" | ŋ | | colspan="2" | *ŋ | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Plosive and Affricate | ! style="" |Plosive and Affricate | ||
| p | | *p | ||
| b | | *b | ||
| t | | *t | ||
| d | | *d | ||
| colspan="2" | (ć) | | colspan="2" | (*ć) | ||
| č | | *č | ||
| (j) | | (*j) | ||
| k | | *k | ||
| g | | *g | ||
| kʷ | | *kʷ | ||
| gʷ | | *gʷ | ||
| q | | *q | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Fricative | ! style="" |Fricative | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| s | | *s | ||
| z | | *z | ||
| colspan="2" | ś | | colspan="2" | *ś | ||
| š | | *š | ||
| | | | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
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| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| colspan="2" | j | | colspan="2" | *j | ||
| colspan="2" | x | | colspan="2" | *x | ||
| colspan="2" | w | | colspan="2" | *w | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Liquid | ! style="" |Liquid | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| colspan="2" | r | | colspan="2" | *r | ||
| colspan="2" | l | | colspan="2" | *l | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
It is generally accepted that Proto-East-Mirarian had 8 vowels, which were sorted into two harmony classes. These harmony classes are traditionally called "front" and "back", though their precise nature has been difficult to assess due to conflicting evidence from different branches. Rounded vowels only occurred in initial syllables (with the exception of some reduplicated stems and fossilized prefixes); unstressed syllables distinguish between height, with vowels harmonizing based on the class of the initial vowel. | |||
The system of vowel harmony is commonly assumed to be palatal based on evidence from Mahavic and Hedretic, with the system of Tongue Root harmony in Ughmar and Elipan being a shared innovation. However, it has been suggested that vowel development in various languages point to the RTR harmony having been primary, which was retained in the central EM branches while being lost in the outliers. This theory has become more popular in recent years but it has yet to gain general acceptance. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+'''Palatal''' | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="1" | | |||
! colspan="2" | Front | |||
! colspan="2" | Back | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="1" | unrounded | |||
! colspan="1" | rounded | |||
! colspan="1" | unrounded | |||
! colspan="1" | rounded | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | High | |||
| colspan="1" | *i /i/ | |||
| colspan="1" | *ü /y/ | |||
| colspan="1" | *ı /ɯ/ | |||
| colspan="1" | *u /u/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Low | |||
| colspan="1" | *ä /e ~ æ/ | |||
| colspan="1" | *ö /ø/ | |||
| colspan="1" | *a /ɑ/ | |||
| colspan="1" | *o /o/ | |||
|} | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+'''Tongue Root''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="1" | | |||
! colspan="2" | Advanced | |||
! colspan="2" | Retracted | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="1" | unrounded | |||
! colspan="1" | rounded | |||
! colspan="1" | unrounded | |||
! colspan="1" | rounded | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | High | |||
| colspan="1" | *i /i/ | |||
| colspan="1" | *ü /u/ | |||
| colspan="1" | *ı /ɪ/ | |||
| colspan="1" | *u /ʊ/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Low | |||
| colspan="1" | *ä /ə/ | |||
| colspan="1" | *ö /o/ | |||
| colspan="1" | *a /a/ | |||
| colspan="1" | *o /ɔ/ | |||
|} | |||
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Proto-Languages]][[Category:East-Mirarian]] | [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Proto-Languages]][[Category:East-Mirarian]] |
Revision as of 07:44, 8 January 2021
Proto-East-Mirarian (PEM) is the hypothetical reconstructed ancestor to the East-Mirarian language family. It is believed to have been spoken somewhere between 7000 to 4000 years ago (estimates vary). The precise location of their original homeland is not known, though most theories place it somewhere in the vicinity of the Sheisho mountains in western Juhashka.
Phonology
Consonants
The consonant system had a two-way contrast of stop consonants (fortis vs. lenis).
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Laryngeal | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | plain | labial | ||||||||||
Nasal | *m | *n | (*ñ) | *ŋ | |||||||||
Plosive and Affricate | *p | *b | *t | *d | (*ć) | *č | (*j) | *k | *g | *kʷ | *gʷ | *q | |
Fricative | *s | *z | *ś | *š | |||||||||
Glide | *j | *x | *w | ||||||||||
Liquid | *r | *l |
Vowels
It is generally accepted that Proto-East-Mirarian had 8 vowels, which were sorted into two harmony classes. These harmony classes are traditionally called "front" and "back", though their precise nature has been difficult to assess due to conflicting evidence from different branches. Rounded vowels only occurred in initial syllables (with the exception of some reduplicated stems and fossilized prefixes); unstressed syllables distinguish between height, with vowels harmonizing based on the class of the initial vowel.
The system of vowel harmony is commonly assumed to be palatal based on evidence from Mahavic and Hedretic, with the system of Tongue Root harmony in Ughmar and Elipan being a shared innovation. However, it has been suggested that vowel development in various languages point to the RTR harmony having been primary, which was retained in the central EM branches while being lost in the outliers. This theory has become more popular in recent years but it has yet to gain general acceptance.
Front | Back | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
High | *i /i/ | *ü /y/ | *ı /ɯ/ | *u /u/ |
Low | *ä /e ~ æ/ | *ö /ø/ | *a /ɑ/ | *o /o/ |
Advanced | Retracted | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
High | *i /i/ | *ü /u/ | *ı /ɪ/ | *u /ʊ/ |
Low | *ä /ə/ | *ö /o/ | *a /a/ | *o /ɔ/ |