Proto-Vaniuan language

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Proto-Vaniuan is a hypothetical common language that has had controversy in regards to the ethnicities involved. It is assumed that the proto language existed possibly between 3,000 and 1,000 BCE before the spread of horseback riding. Main controversies exist in regard to the several languages that exist such as the word "good" in Vaniuan which is assumed to be *kit, is see in Ohanian, dut in Shohuanese, and kəḍ Komanian.

Phonology

Consonants

Edat Kiluz Theory

Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal ⟨m⟩ /m/ ⟨n⟩ /n/ ⟨ñ⟩ /ŋ/
Plosive ⟨p⟩ /p/
⟨ph⟩ /pʰ/
⟨t⟩ /t/
⟨th⟩ /tʰ/
⟨d⟩ /ʈ/
⟨dh⟩ /ʈʰ/
⟨c⟩ /c~kʲ/
⟨cw⟩ /cʷ~kʷʲ/
⟨k⟩ /k/
⟨kh⟩ /kʰ/
⟨kw⟩ /kʷ~kw/
⟨kwh⟩ /kʰʷ/
Fricative ⟨s¹⟩ /s/
⟨s¹h⟩ /sʰ/
⟨s²⟩ /ʃ~ç/
⟨s²h⟩ /ʃʰ~çʰ/
⟨h¹⟩ /x~sʲ~h/
⟨h²⟩ /x~xʷ~hʷ/
⟨h³⟩ /ꭓ~h~ʔ~ʕ/
Lateral app. ⟨l¹⟩ /r~l/ ⟨l²⟩ /ɫ~ʟ/

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e¹ e² o¹ o²
Open a

Corresponding Sets

Proto-Vaniuan Proto-Shohuanese Old Ohan Proto-East Vaniuan Proto-South Vaniuan Hemberdorian Vaniuan
*m /m*/ /m/ /mʲ*/ /m*/ /m/
*n /n*/ /n/ /nʲ*/ /n*/ /n/
/n*/ /b~m*/ /ŋ*/ /ng*/ /n~∅~ŋ/
*p /b*/ /p/ /b*/ /t*/ /b/
*ph /p*/ /b/ /f*/ /?*/ /p/
*t /d*/ /d/ /d~t*/ /t*/ /t/
*th /d~z~r*/ /t~θ*/ /θ*/ /θ*/ /tʰ/
*d /d*/ /ts/ /t*/ /dl*/ /tɕ~ɭ/
*dh /r*/ /dz/ /tʰ*/ /tʃ*/ /ɾ~tɕʰ~ɭ/
*c /j*/ /k/ /dʒ*/ /ts*/ /j/
*cw /c*/ /g/ /dʒw*/ /t*/ /p/
*k /g*/ /x/ /k*/ /k*/ /k/
*kh /q~k*/ /h/ /x*/ /r*/ /kʰ/
*kw /kw*/ /g/ /k*/ /g*/ /p/
*khw /f*/ /d~b/ /kʰ*/ /v*/ /pʰ/
*s¹ /z*/ /s/ /ʃ*/ /ɟ*/ /s/
*s¹h /s*/ /ʃ/ /s*/ /ts*/ /ss~s/
*s² /s*/ /ʃ/ /ʃ*/ /ʃ*/ /ɕ/
*s²h /ʃ*/ /ʃ/ /ʃ*/ /ʃ*/ /ɕʰ/
*h¹ /q*/ /x~s/ /h*/ /x*/ /h/
*h² /w~hw*/ /gl~gu~w/ /w*/ /w*/ /h/
*h³ /∅*/ /∅/ /∅*/ /h*/ /h/
*l¹ /r*/ /l~r/ /lʲ*/ /l*/ /ɭ*/
*l² /l~w*/ /l~w/ /ɰ*/ /w*/ /ɭ/