Difference between revisions of "User:Ava/Northeast Mirarian linguistic area"

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(Created page with "The '''North Mirarian languages''' (also called the '''Paleo-Mirarian languages''') is a collective term for several unrelated language families and language isolates spoken in parts of northeastern Miraria that are believed to have predated the arrival of the much larger East Mirarian, Maakpauean and Shaelic language families. The label 'North Mirarian' covers languages spoken by members of both...")
 
 
(8 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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==Relationships==
==Relationships==
==Vocabulary comparison==
==Vocabulary comparison==
Below are selected basic vocabulary items in proto-languages reconstructed for North Mirarian languages. [[Proto-East Mirarian]], [[Proto-Glacial Maakpauean]] and [[Proto Shaelic]] are also included for comparison.
Below are selected basic vocabulary items in proto-languages reconstructed for North Mirarian languages. [[Proto-East Mirarian]], [[Proto-Maakpauean]] and [[Proto Shaelic]] are also included for comparison.


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"
! gloss !! Proto-Tulipik-Lakup !! Proto-Yucho !! Proto-kamPatuk !! Proto-Vemkha !! Proto-Shaelic !! Proto-East Mirarian !! Glacial Maakpauean
! gloss !! Proto-Tulipik-Lakup !! Proto-Yucho !! Proto-kamPatuk !! Proto-Vemkha !! Proto-Shaelic !! Proto-East Mirarian !! Proto-Maakpauean
|-
|-
! head
! head
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|-
|-
! hair
! hair
|  ||  || *mu:ki || *pʰof  || *quśə || *süxi; * sıkaŋkı || *miuq
|  ||  || *mu:ki || *pʰof  || *quśə || *süxi; *sıkaŋkı || *miuq
|-
|-
! eye
! eye
|  || *ju:j || *ɡi:ɡu || || *ŭmak || *üŋɡiŋ || *irqe
|  || *tak; *me || *ɡi:ɡu || *me || *ŭmak || *üŋɡiŋ || *irqe
|-
|-
! ear
! ear
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|-
|-
! foot
! foot
|  || *xewr[u] || *bika || *caj || *qɤttə || *lünzə || *ʔeɡir
|  || *xewr[u] || *bika || *ceaj || *qɤttə || *lünzə || *ʔeɡir
|-
|-
! breast
! breast
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|-
|-
! heart
! heart
| *kʰsan || || *amipa || || *tlimV || *sikəsi; *doxla || *múɡe
| || || *amipa || *kʰθan || *tlimV || *sikəsi; *doxla || *múɡe
|-
|-
! meat
! meat
| *nʌli || *socun; *rɔp || *kumi || || *ăqɤk(kə-) || *nušamı || *heɡelij
| *nʌli || *socun; *rɔp || *kumi || *qʰfaze || *ăqɤk(kə-) || *nušamı || *heɡelij
|-
|-
! blood
! blood
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|-
|-
! skin
! skin
| || *nut, nit || *ɡada || || *katlă- || || *ski:s
| || *nut; nit || *ɡada || || *katlă- || || *ski:s
|-
|-
! fingernail
! fingernail
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|-
|-
! person
! person
| || *pjuco || *ki-patu || || *suq-əʔ || *üri; *ürə || *qutken
| || *pjuco || *ki-patu || *wəmɣə || *suq-əʔ || *üri; *ürə || *qutken
|-
|-
! child
! child
| || *pene || *ki-ɡi:ɡu || *nu, *tʰom || *sɤsă || || *ʔibin; *ʔibka
| || *pene || *ki-ɡi:ɡu || *nu; *tʰom || *sɤsă || || *ʔibin; *ʔibka
|-
|-
! name
! name
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|-
|-
! dog
! dog
|  || *hara || *badu || ||  || *lökki; *lökši || *ɡéul
|  || *hara || *badu || *puzp ||  || *lökki; *lökši || *ɡéul
|-
|-
! fish
! fish
|  ||  || *buku || || *qutə || *kʷölin || *tuɢe
|  ||  || *buku || *qʰask || *qutə || *kʷölin || *tuɢe
|-
|-
! bird
! bird
| || *cir || *minu || || *ătikkə || *ɡilti || *lies
| || *cir || *minu || *tʰŋəχ || *ătikkə || *ɡilti || *lies
|-
|-
! egg
! egg
| *tiɣnə || *has, *ki:s || || *ɡinu || || *ɡićiŋ || *khúhwen
| *tiɣnə || *has; *ki:s || *ɡinu || || || *ɡićiŋ || *khúhwen
|-
|-
! louse
! louse
|  || *ɔna || *pana || || *qŭHsiq ||  || *rec
|  || *ɔna || *pana || *t̪xuŋsf || *qŭHsiq ||  || *rec
|-
|-
! tree
! tree
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|-
|-
! moon
! moon
| *məɣʊ || *som || *nipu || *ɲif || *maɬŭʔ ||*kullım || *ska:nem
| *məɣʊ || *som || *nipu || *ɲʉəf || *maɬŭʔ ||*kullım || *ska:nem
|-
|-
! star
! star
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|-
|-
! eat
! eat
|  || *kəj[u] ||  || || *tluqqŭ- || *ama- || *akʔi
|  || *kəj[u] ||  || *tʰeam- || *tluqqŭ- || *ama- || *akʔi
|-
|-
! die
! die
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|-
|-
! one
! one
| || || *kiana || || *ɤt; *ɤtă || *ümi || *deíʔ
| || *na:r || *kiana || || *ɤt; *ɤtă || *ümi || *deíʔ
|-
|-
! two
! two
| || || *mudi || || *nattə || *nəɡi || *khuk
| || *kɔgo || *mudi || || *nattə || *nəɡi || *khuk
|-
! three
|
|-
! four
|
|-
! five
|
|-
! ten
| || *womo || *giita || ||
|-
|-
! I
! I
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! you
! you
|  ||  || *bi ||  || *[V]qas || *bi- || *tahn
|  ||  || *bi ||  || *[V]qas || *bi- || *tahn
|-
! he/she/it
|  ||  || *u || *pox; *poɣn || *suktŭ <small>(animate)</small></br>*qăHiɣ <small>(inanimate)</small> || *(s)i- ||
|-
! gloss !! Proto-Tulipik-Lakup !! Proto-Yucho !! Proto-kamPatuk !! Proto-Vemkha !! Proto-Shaelic !! Proto-East Mirarian !! Proto-Maakpauean
|}
|}
to add: hemminorak (need sev), vodholk isolates. any others?

Latest revision as of 18:16, 1 June 2023

The North Mirarian languages (also called the Paleo-Mirarian languages) is a collective term for several unrelated language families and language isolates spoken in parts of northeastern Miraria that are believed to have predated the arrival of the much larger East Mirarian, Maakpauean and Shaelic language families.

The label 'North Mirarian' covers languages spoken by members of both the human and vodholk species. Due to their coexistence for thousands of years several features are shared across languages in a sprachbund, including across species lines, but linguists have been unable to determine any unambiguous genetic relationship between any of these families.

The Deyatsa and Tlukerian families were previously classified as North Mirarian before their relationship to the Milevic family was determined.

Relationships

Vocabulary comparison

Below are selected basic vocabulary items in proto-languages reconstructed for North Mirarian languages. Proto-East Mirarian, Proto-Maakpauean and Proto Shaelic are also included for comparison.

gloss Proto-Tulipik-Lakup Proto-Yucho Proto-kamPatuk Proto-Vemkha Proto-Shaelic Proto-East Mirarian Proto-Maakpauean
head *cenəl *pa:r *di:bu *ətujă *tıŋı; *sıpıš *mijed
neck *vəri *ɡani *qurə *sikʷilti; *köɡis *uxna
hair *mu:ki *pʰof *quśə *süxi; *sıkaŋkı *miuq
eye *tak; *me *ɡi:ɡu *me *ŭmak *üŋɡiŋ *irqe
ear *nuku *ñukkə *üxiŋ *eɡí:tjeq; *eɡéjil
nose *təmnʌ *oj *ɡa:mi *ŋuqqə *niɡʷim *ɡewem
tooth *xure; *kis *tiaɡi *ɡilli; *ɡʷocı *tiɢae
tongue *tutu *jucə *tommıŋ
mouth *ŋəvðʊ *tipa: *ŋɤɣŭ- *sixis; *düktiŋ *esriul; *tseipp
hand *bunu *im *tlamŭ *ɡöxiŋ *nwen
foot *xewr[u] *bika *ceaj *qɤttə *lünzə *ʔeɡir
breast *xamaj *miŋi *ɡʷümmə *edemi
heart *amipa *kʰθan *tlimV *sikəsi; *doxla *múɡe
meat *nʌli *socun; *rɔp *kumi *qʰfaze *ăqɤk(kə-) *nušamı *heɡelij
blood *adau *cuttəʔ *kuxta; *mıćıŋŋıŋ *erléut
bone *i:r *kaka *ənat *iti *lár
skin *nut; nit *ɡada *katlă- *ski:s
fingernail *puŋi *sakkʷə *mirəŋɡiŋ *tiqqa
person *pjuco *ki-patu *wəmɣə *suq-əʔ *üri; *ürə *qutken
child *pene *ki-ɡi:ɡu *nu; *tʰom *sɤsă *ʔibin; *ʔibka
name *bi:nu *samă *qisin *pewús
dog *hara *badu *puzp *lökki; *lökši *ɡéul
fish *buku *qʰask *qutə *kʷölin *tuɢe
bird *cir *minu *tʰŋəχ *ătikkə *ɡilti *lies
egg *tiɣnə *has; *ki:s *ɡinu *ɡićiŋ *khúhwen
louse *ɔna *pana *t̪xuŋsf *qŭHsiq *rec
tree *tɛj *dati *tɤkʔə *méwes
leaf *hrom *pia *ăcakʷ *ʔakhet
flower *ŋəlɪ *ir *ŋaki *əturəʔ *üz; *zümmiŋ
grass *rir *kutupi *tlikʷəH *səɡʷi
rope *təʁma *ə:kəs *tikutiku *śukʷə *ıkkısı
root *bika=dati *rɤjkʷə[q] *ülin *léjeb
water *waða *ira; *hren *papi *kʰa; *ŋox *ʔəcuk *axı; *zımpı *ásin
fire *ðəqen *ti:pu *əkkʷur *doyma *qeis
wind *inir *ŋipau *ăkʷaqqəʔ *mizitə
smoke *nas *daimu *ɬisə *ɡʷənniŋ; *moxıs *jurn
stone *tore; *pi:s *kima *kimə *biskillə *séum
earth *nəre *tidaku *ăqɤqCəH *taxsı *srel
salt *son *idapu
road *ŋu:di *rɤttə
house *jɪtə *erun; *nu:sim *iduɡu *caj *mɤŋkă *səxikkit *qítteh
day *ɡuipi *əkʷiq *omın *nim
night *ðuŋmæ *moran *ŋiumu *kʷŭcisă? *büxstə *reine
sun *ðicə *som *dika *ɲək *ɬiktă *cus; *möxit *míhʔan
moon *məɣʊ *som *nipu *ɲʉəf *maɬŭʔ *kullım *ska:nem
star *sɛja *dina *kəHaq *ɡʷər *ruis
eat *kəj[u] *tʰeam- *tluqqŭ- *ama- *akʔi
die *münzi- *ksúr
one *na:r *kiana *ɤt; *ɤtă *ümi *deíʔ
two *kɔgo *mudi *nattə *nəɡi *khuk
three
four
five
ten *womo *giita
I *nak *ku *ki *[V]ɣar *na- *xip
you *bi *[V]qas *bi- *tahn
he/she/it *u *pox; *poɣn *suktŭ (animate)
*qăHiɣ (inanimate)
*(s)i-
gloss Proto-Tulipik-Lakup Proto-Yucho Proto-kamPatuk Proto-Vemkha Proto-Shaelic Proto-East Mirarian Proto-Maakpauean

to add: hemminorak (need sev), vodholk isolates. any others?