Difference between revisions of "Archive:Qotsian language"
(Phoneme system) |
m (Loglorn moved page Qotsian language to Archive:Qotsian language) |
||
| (7 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
| Line 42: | Line 42: | ||
Start writing your page here, with a general introduction and basic facts about the language (when and where its spoken, by who and how many, a brief history)--> | Start writing your page here, with a general introduction and basic facts about the language (when and where its spoken, by who and how many, a brief history)--> | ||
'''Qotsian''' is an [[Osveraali | '''Qotsian''' is an [[Osveraali languages|Osveraali language]] of the [[Thargo-Qotsian|Thargo-Qotsian languages]] branch, spoken on the continent of [[Atsiq]] as the official language of [[Qotsia|Qotsia]] by roughly 6.5 million people. It is a close relative of [[Thargian language|Thargian]], although the two are not mutually intelligible. | ||
| Line 54: | Line 54: | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
The phoneme system of Qotsian is small compared to other Atsiq languages and shows clear influence from its southern neighbour, the [[Qatilla language]]. There is a conspicuous absence of velar and uvular sounds; the former has been the defining trait of the Qotsian branch since Old Qotsian while the latter is a more recent development. Qotsian also lacks voiced fricatives and has | The phoneme system of Qotsian is small compared to other Atsiq languages and shows clear influence from its southern neighbour, the [[Qatilla language]]. There is a conspicuous absence of velar and uvular sounds; the former has been the defining trait of the Qotsian branch since Old Qotsian while the latter is a more recent development. Qotsian also lacks voiced fricatives and has collapsed the lateral consonantsinto /ɮ/. | ||
The vowel system has experienced a similar reduction, although not as radical as in Qatilla. There are six vowels, four of which distinguish length, and no diphthongs. Qotsian is the only Osveraali language outside of [[Imperial Osveraali language|Imperial Osveraali]] with the rounded central vowel /ɞ/. | The vowel system has experienced a similar reduction, although not as radical as in Qatilla. There are six vowels, four of which distinguish length, and no diphthongs. Qotsian is the only Osveraali language outside of [[Imperial Osveraali language|Imperial Osveraali]] with the rounded central vowel /ɞ/. | ||
===Phonemes=== | ===Phonemes=== | ||
| Line 159: | Line 149: | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
==Morphology and syntax== | |||
Qotsian shows the typical traits of the Thargo-Qotsian branch, namely a major loss of inflection and its replacement with pronouns, auxiliaries and particles. Qotsian is more extreme than Thargian in this regard, having abandoned case inflection on nouns entirely and reducing the number of verb forms to a handful of stems. Serial verbs play a greater role than in most Osveraali languages and are prominent in subordination or marking of location. Like Thargian and the Osveraalic languages, Qotsian has tense-based word order and expresses aspect on the verb. | |||
A unique characteristic of Qotsian, not shared by Thargian, is the use of noun classifiers with numerals, in relative clauses and some pronominal constructions. This is an innovation that has no parallel in other Osveraali languages and arose from the merger of retained relative pronouns in Old Qotsian. | |||
<!-- | <!-- | ||
For morphology consider how the words in your language look, how do you derive words from others, do you have cases, are verbs inflected, do nouns differ from adjectives, do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | For morphology consider how the words in your language look, how do you derive words from others, do you have cases, are verbs inflected, do nouns differ from adjectives, do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||
| Line 174: | Line 168: | ||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
The percentage of non-Osveraali material in the lexicon is comparatively low, and Qotsian is actually the Osveraali language with the smallest amount of loans from overseas languages, most of which entered the language through Thargian. Despite their phonological differences, the vocabulary of Qotsian and Thargian is remarkably similar, sharing many idioms, collocations and phraseologisms, which reflects the long common history of the two countries. What sets Qotsian apart from Thargian is the much more pronounced influence of Qatilla words and constructions, introducing a South Osveraali element not found in its northern neighbour. | |||
Osveraalic languages have always been a major contributor of loans to Qotsian. Like all languages of Atsiq, Imperial Osveraali vocabulary is found at every turn, with an overwhelming number of scientific, political and generally formal terms directly traceable to the official language of the Empire. In recent times, Modern Standard Osveraali has assumed this role due to the dominance of Dachashk on the continent. | |||
There is no single official body in Qotsia that strives to regulate the influx of loans, prescribe rules of usage or otherwise engages in linguistic purism. | |||
==Writing and literature== | ==Writing and literature== | ||
<!-- How is the language written? What literature is there written in the language? --> | <!-- How is the language written? What literature is there written in the language? --> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Osveraali languages]][[Category:Thargo-Qotsian languages]][[Category:Qotsia]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:28, 4 March 2022
| Qotsian | |
|---|---|
| Qotsic Hucup | |
| Pronunciation | /hut͡ɕup/ |
| Region | Atsiq |
| Ethnicity | Qotsians |
| Native speakers | 6.5 million (2017) |
| Language family | Osveraali
|
| Early forms: | Old Qotsian
|
| Writing system | Osveraali script |
| Official status | |
| Official language in | Qotsia |
| CWS code | QTS |
Qotsian is an Osveraali language of the Thargo-Qotsian languages branch, spoken on the continent of Atsiq as the official language of Qotsia by roughly 6.5 million people. It is a close relative of Thargian, although the two are not mutually intelligible.
Classification
History
Phonology
The phoneme system of Qotsian is small compared to other Atsiq languages and shows clear influence from its southern neighbour, the Qatilla language. There is a conspicuous absence of velar and uvular sounds; the former has been the defining trait of the Qotsian branch since Old Qotsian while the latter is a more recent development. Qotsian also lacks voiced fricatives and has collapsed the lateral consonantsinto /ɮ/.
The vowel system has experienced a similar reduction, although not as radical as in Qatilla. There are six vowels, four of which distinguish length, and no diphthongs. Qotsian is the only Osveraali language outside of Imperial Osveraali with the rounded central vowel /ɞ/.
Phonemes
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Alveolo-palatal | Labio-velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ȵ | ||||
| Plosive | p b | t d | |||||
| Fricative | f | s | ʃ | ɕ | h | ||
| Affricate | t͡ɕ d͡ʑ | ||||||
| Lateral fricative | ɮ | ||||||
| Approximant | w |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i i: | u u: | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɞ | |
| Open | a a: | ɒ ɒ: |
Phonotactics
Morphology and syntax
Qotsian shows the typical traits of the Thargo-Qotsian branch, namely a major loss of inflection and its replacement with pronouns, auxiliaries and particles. Qotsian is more extreme than Thargian in this regard, having abandoned case inflection on nouns entirely and reducing the number of verb forms to a handful of stems. Serial verbs play a greater role than in most Osveraali languages and are prominent in subordination or marking of location. Like Thargian and the Osveraalic languages, Qotsian has tense-based word order and expresses aspect on the verb.
A unique characteristic of Qotsian, not shared by Thargian, is the use of noun classifiers with numerals, in relative clauses and some pronominal constructions. This is an innovation that has no parallel in other Osveraali languages and arose from the merger of retained relative pronouns in Old Qotsian.
Vocabulary
The percentage of non-Osveraali material in the lexicon is comparatively low, and Qotsian is actually the Osveraali language with the smallest amount of loans from overseas languages, most of which entered the language through Thargian. Despite their phonological differences, the vocabulary of Qotsian and Thargian is remarkably similar, sharing many idioms, collocations and phraseologisms, which reflects the long common history of the two countries. What sets Qotsian apart from Thargian is the much more pronounced influence of Qatilla words and constructions, introducing a South Osveraali element not found in its northern neighbour.
Osveraalic languages have always been a major contributor of loans to Qotsian. Like all languages of Atsiq, Imperial Osveraali vocabulary is found at every turn, with an overwhelming number of scientific, political and generally formal terms directly traceable to the official language of the Empire. In recent times, Modern Standard Osveraali has assumed this role due to the dominance of Dachashk on the continent.
There is no single official body in Qotsia that strives to regulate the influx of loans, prescribe rules of usage or otherwise engages in linguistic purism.