Difference between revisions of "Harish language"
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====Verbs==== | ====Verbs==== | ||
Verbs conjugate for tense, the personal agreements in older stages of Harish have been lost. | Verbs conjugate for tense, the personal agreements in older stages of Harish have been lost. | ||
The conjugation of verbs are listed below: | |||
* Infinitive: -er | |||
* Present: -e | |||
* Past: -a | |||
* Future: -o | |||
* Subjunctive: -u | |||
Most verbs are regular, there are only few irregular verbs, namely '''evo''' "to be(copula)". | |||
====Derivational morphology==== | ====Derivational morphology==== |
Revision as of 09:50, 16 August 2020
Harish language | |
---|---|
Harle Tally | |
Ethnicity | Harish people |
Native speakers | 38,000,000 (no date) |
Language family | Tzulhonic
|
CWS code | xbf |
The Harish language is a language spoken in Tzulhon by the Harish people, it is the de facto language of Tzulhon.
Classification
Harish language belongs to the Central Tzulhonic branch of Tzulhonic language family.
History
Phonology
Phonemes
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar and Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasals | m | n | ||||
Plosives and Affricates | p | t͡s | t | t͡ʃ | k | |
Fricatives | f v | s | ʃ | h | ||
Sonorants | r l | j |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | o | |
Open | a |
Diphthongs: /ai/ /au/ /ei/ /eu/ /oi/ /ou/
Phonotactics
The syllable structure is relatively simple, the maximum possible syllable is (C)V(C)
Only vowels or coronal consonants may end a word, and most words end in a consonant end in coronal sonorants /n/, /r/ and /l/.
Harish is a syllable-timed language, there are no obvious distinctions between stressed and unstressed syllables. The primary stress usually falls on the penultimate syllable of a word.
Morphology and syntax
Morpholopgy
The morphology of Harish is mostly analytic; however, traces of inflections remain.
Nouns
Nouns don't decline for case or gender, but decline for number and definiteness.
Below is the decline for nouns:
o-nouns:
- indefinite singular: -o
- indefinite plural: -i(older -io)
- definite singular: -ato
- definite plural: -azi(older -(a)zio)
yo-nouns:
- indefinite singular: -yo
- indefinite plural: -si(older -io)
- definite singular: -to
- definite plural: -zi(older -(a)zio)
consonant-nouns:
- indefinite singular: -Ø
- indefinite plural: -i(older -io)
- definite singular: -(a)to
- definite plural: -(a)zi(older -(a)zio)
Verbs
Verbs conjugate for tense, the personal agreements in older stages of Harish have been lost.
The conjugation of verbs are listed below:
- Infinitive: -er
- Present: -e
- Past: -a
- Future: -o
- Subjunctive: -u
Most verbs are regular, there are only few irregular verbs, namely evo "to be(copula)".
Derivational morphology
Derivational affixes
While the Harish language is mostly analytic, several derivational affixes exist, and derivational affixes play an important role in creating new words.
Compounds
Syntax
Word Order
The word order features are listed below:
- Basic Word Order: Subject-Object-Verb(SOV)
- Adpositions are postpositions
- Conjuctions are in the initial position of the clause
- Negations directly precede the word they negate.
- Demonstratives, articles, numerals, possessors precede the noun they modify; Adjectives may precede or follow the noun they modify; Relative clauses follow the noun they modify.
Negations
Possessions
Subordinating Clauses
Verb framing
The Harish language is a satellite-framed language, that is, the motion path is typically encoded by prepositions and adverbs, and its verbs usually show manner of motion.
Vocabulary
Most words of the Harish language are inherited from Old Harish; however, there are some loanwords from Middle Kwang and modern Kwang, usually through the Wanabi language.