Difference between revisions of "Ngutanese language"
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| speakers = 12 million | | speakers = 12 million | ||
| date = 2015 | | date = 2015 | ||
| familycolor = | | familycolor = pub | ||
| fam1 = [[ | | fam1 = [[Upper Borosan languages|Upper Borosan]] | ||
| fam2 = Ngutanic | | fam2 = Ngutanic | ||
| ancestor = Old Ngutan | | ancestor = Old Ngutan | ||
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| setting = [[Sahar]] | | setting = [[Sahar]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Ngutanese''' (''tāyai ngutāyai'', pronounced [ˈtaː.jai̯ ŋuˈtaː.jai̯]) is | '''Ngutanese''' (''tāyai ngutāyai'', pronounced [ˈtaː.jai̯ ŋuˈtaː.jai̯]) is an [[Upper Borosan languages|Upper Borosan language]] and an official language of [[Ngutan]]. Ngutanese is one of the two living members of the Ngutanic branch of Upper Borosan languages. Written examples of Old Ngutanese are attested from the 12th century and onwards. | ||
It is spoken in Western Central Boroso in [[Ngutan]], with ?? million+ native speakers. Ngutanese is the #th most spoken language in the world by number of native speakers and #th by total number of speakers. In Ngutan, ??% of men and women speak Ngutanese natively, and the literacy rate is around ??%. | It is spoken in Western Central Boroso in [[Ngutan]], with ?? million+ native speakers. Ngutanese is the #th most spoken language in the world by number of native speakers and #th by total number of speakers. In Ngutan, ??% of men and women speak Ngutanese natively, and the literacy rate is around ??%. |
Revision as of 06:55, 23 July 2017
Ngutanese | |
---|---|
tāyai ngutāyai | |
Pronunciation | [ˈtaː.jai̯ ŋuˈtaː.jai̯] |
Created by | Unleashy |
Setting | Sahar |
Spoken natively in | Ngutan |
Native speakers | 12 million (2015) |
Language family | Upper Borosan
|
Early forms: | Old Ngutan
|
Official status | |
Regulated by | Ngutanese Language Institute |
CWS code | ngu |
Ngutanese (tāyai ngutāyai, pronounced [ˈtaː.jai̯ ŋuˈtaː.jai̯]) is an Upper Borosan language and an official language of Ngutan. Ngutanese is one of the two living members of the Ngutanic branch of Upper Borosan languages. Written examples of Old Ngutanese are attested from the 12th century and onwards.
It is spoken in Western Central Boroso in Ngutan, with ?? million+ native speakers. Ngutanese is the #th most spoken language in the world by number of native speakers and #th by total number of speakers. In Ngutan, ??% of men and women speak Ngutanese natively, and the literacy rate is around ??%.
Etymology
History
Linguistic classification
Dialects
Southern dialects
Northern dialects
Phonology
Vowels
Consonants
Bilabial | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Labiovelar | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
Plosive | p | t | k | ||||
Fricative | s̞¹ | [ɕ̞]² | h³ | ||||
Affricate | [t͡ɕ]⁴ | ||||||
Approximant | j | w | |||||
Flap or tap | ɾ |
¹very slightly fricated only
²before /i/, allophone of /s̞/
³after /h/, vowels get nasalized
⁴before /i/, allophone of /t/
Vowels
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | i i: | u u: |
Close-mid | e e: | o o: |
Open | a a: |
Polyphthongs
ei̯: ei̯ au̯: au̯ ai̯: ai̯ ui̯: ui̯ eu̯: eu̯ ou̯: ou̯ oi̯: oi̯
Phonotactics
Syllable Structure
(C)V(V)(N), being: C = any consonant V = any vowel N = any nasal
Note that <ng> /ŋ/ is considered a single consonant, not two. The N coda can only happen word-finally.
Stress information
Stress isn't phonemic, but there's a slight stress on the last syllable that has a long vowel; if there is no long vowel, the stress is on the penultimate syllable.
Other
Ngutāyai is syllable-timed.
Orthography
Aa 'Ā' /a/ Hh 'Aho' /h/¹ Ee 'Ē' /e/ Kk 'Ako' /k/ Ii 'Ī' /i/ Yy 'Ayo' /j/ Mm 'Amo' /m/ Nn 'Ano' /n/
NG ng 'Ango' /ŋ/ Oo 'Ō' /o/ Pp 'Apo' /p/ Rr 'Aro' /ɾ/ Ss 'Aso' /s̞/² Tt 'Ato' /t/ Uu 'Ū' /u/ Ww 'Awo' /w/
¹after /h/, vowels get nasalized
²very slightly fricated only