Difference between revisions of "Ngutanese language"
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It is spoken in Western Upper Boroso in [[Ngutan]], with 23 million native speakers. Ngutanese is the #th most spoken language in the world by number of native speakers and #th by total number of speakers. In Ngutan, ??% of men and women speak Ngutanese natively, and the literacy rate is around ??%. | It is spoken in Western Upper Boroso in [[Ngutan]], with 23 million native speakers. Ngutanese is the #th most spoken language in the world by number of native speakers and #th by total number of speakers. In Ngutan, ??% of men and women speak Ngutanese natively, and the literacy rate is around ??%. | ||
Ngutanese is rather agglutinative, with fusional tendencies. It utilizes a peculiar alignment system called the [[Ngutanese alignment]] and has a relatively simple phonological system with few phonemes. | |||
== Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
Revision as of 18:21, 21 July 2018
| Ngutanese | |
|---|---|
| tāyai ngutāyai | |
| Pronunciation | [ˈtaː.jai̯ ŋuˈtaː.jai̯] |
| Created by | Unleashy |
| Setting | Sahar |
| Spoken natively in | Ngutan |
| Ethnicity | Ngutanese people |
| Native speakers | 23,000,000 (2017) |
| Language family | Ngutanic
|
| Early forms: | Old Ngutan
|
| Official status | |
| Official language in | Ngutan |
| Regulated by | Ngutanese Language Institute |
| CWS code | ngu |
Ngutanese (tāyai ngutāyai, pronounced [ˈtaː.jai̯ ŋuˈtaː.jai̯]) is an Ngutanic language and an official language of Ngutan. Ngutanese is one of the two living members of the Ngutanic branch of Upper Borosan languages. Written examples of Old Ngutanese are attested from the 12th century and onwards.
It is spoken in Western Upper Boroso in Ngutan, with 23 million native speakers. Ngutanese is the #th most spoken language in the world by number of native speakers and #th by total number of speakers. In Ngutan, ??% of men and women speak Ngutanese natively, and the literacy rate is around ??%.
Ngutanese is rather agglutinative, with fusional tendencies. It utilizes a peculiar alignment system called the Ngutanese alignment and has a relatively simple phonological system with few phonemes.
Etymology
The language is natively known as Ngutāyai, meaning roughly people's speech.
History
WIP
Linguistic classification
Ngutanese is surrounded by the Upper-Borosan languages, but is a language isolate.
Dialects
WIP
Southern dialects
WIP
Northern dialects
WIP
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Labiovelar | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| Plosive | p | t | k | ||||
| Fricative | s̞¹ | [ɕ̞]² | h³ | ||||
| Affricate | [t͡ɕ]⁴ | ||||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||
| Flap or tap | ɾ |
¹very slightly fricated only
²before /i/, allophone of /s̞/
³after /h/, vowels get nasalized
⁴before /i/, allophone of /t/
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i i: | u u: |
| Close-mid | e e: | o o: |
| Open | a a: |
Diphthongs
ei̯: ei̯ au̯: au̯ ai̯: ai̯ ui̯: ui̯ eu̯: eu̯ ou̯: ou̯ oi̯: oi̯
Phonotactics
Syllable Structure
(C)V(N), being: C = any consonant V = any vowel/diphthong N = any nasal
Note that <ng> /ŋ/ is considered a single consonant, not two. The N coda can only happen word-finally.
Stress information
Stress isn't phonemic, but there's a slight stress on the last syllable that has a long vowel; if there is no long vowel, the stress is on the penultimate syllable.
Other
Ngutāyai is syllable-timed.
Orthography
Aa 'Ā' /a/ Hh 'Aho' /h/¹ Ee 'Ē' /e/ Kk 'Ako' /k/ Ii 'Ī' /i/ Yy 'Ayo' /j/ Mm 'Amo' /m/ Nn 'Ano' /n/
NG ng 'Ango' /ŋ/ Oo 'Ō' /o/ Pp 'Apo' /p/ Rr 'Aro' /ɾ/ Ss 'Aso' /s̞/² Tt 'Ato' /t/ Uu 'Ū' /u/ Ww 'Awo' /w/
¹after /h/, vowels get nasalized
²very slightly fricated only
Grammar and syntax
WIP