Difference between revisions of "Sgen language"
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===Morphology=== | ===Morphology=== | ||
*Noun inflections: | *Noun inflections: | ||
** Numbers: | |||
*** dual:-po/-pi | |||
*** plural:-pa/-pe | |||
**Cases: | **Cases: | ||
***Nominative:-ma/me | *** Nominative:-ma/-me | ||
***Genitive:-ta/te | *** Genitive:-ta/-te | ||
***Dative:-ro/ri | *** Dative:-ro/-ri | ||
***Accusative:-mo/mi | *** Accusative:-mo/-mi | ||
***Benefactive:- | *** Benefactive:-ga/-ge | ||
***Instrumental:- | *** Instrumental:-go/-gi | ||
***Locative:-to/ti | *** Locative:-to/-ti | ||
***Ablative:-ra/re | *** Ablative:-ra/-re | ||
*Verb inflections: | * Verb inflections: | ||
**present | ** infinitive/adverbial: -paro/-peri | ||
**past:-poka/pike | ** Tense-aspects-mood: | ||
** | *** Indicative: | ||
** | **** present:-paro/-peri | ||
** | **** past imperfective:-poka/-pike | ||
** | **** present continuous:-roka/-rike | ||
** | **** perfective:-gata/-gete | ||
*** subjunctive: -ra/-re | |||
*** optative:-gomo/-gimi | |||
** Other marks: | |||
*** question maker:-kaga/-kege | |||
*** negation:-pamo/-pemi | |||
*adjective:-ta/te | * adjective:-ta/-te | ||
*dependent clause ender:-maro/meri | * dependent clause ender:-maro/-meri | ||
==words== | ==words== |
Revision as of 20:14, 14 July 2017
The Sgen language(Sgen Language: Ikerikete Repemie, literally "Farmer's language") is a language isolate spoken by the Sgen people living in the Soltenna area of Miraria.
In the past, the Sgen people were virtually all peasants, as a result, the sgen language used to be a language without writting system, and the Sgen alphabet was only introduved in 1890s.
Phonology
bilabial | dental | velar | |
---|---|---|---|
voiceless | p/ɸ/f | t/ts/s | k/x |
voiced | m/b/β | ɾ/l/n/d | ɣ/ɡ/ŋ/ɰ |
front | back | |
---|---|---|
closed | ɪ/ɪː/iː | o/oː/ɤ/ʊ |
open | ɛ/ɛː/eː | ɑ/ɑː/ɒ/ʌ/ɔ |
Syllable structure:(C)V
Transcription
- A - /ɑ//ɒ//ʌ//ɔ/
- E - /ɛ/
- GH - /ɣ//ɡ//ŋ//ɰ/
- I - /ɪ/
- K - /k/
- M - /m//b//β/
- O - /o//ɤ//ʊ/
- P - /p/
- R - /ɾ//l//n//d/
- T - /t//ts//s/
Note: "aa", "ee", "ii", and "oo" are not long vowels of "a", "e", "i", and "o", "aa", "ee", "ii", and "oo" should be pronounced separately e.g. "ee" is frequently pronounced as /ɛ ɛ/, not /ɛː/ or /eː/
Vowel Harmony
If vowels of the stem of a word are front vowels, the vowels of affixes change into front vowels; If vowels of the stem of a word are back vowels, the vowels of affixes change into back vowels.
The vowel Harmony rule is shown below:
- o(close-mid back vowels or near-close back vowels)<->i(near-close front vowels)
- a(Open-mid back vowels or open back vowels)<->e(Open-mid front vowels)
example:
- rakataka(person/human) --> rakataka-ro(to the person)
- ikeremi(child) --> ikeremi-ri(to the child)
- rakataka(person/human) + teriki(land) --> rakataka-taroko(Homeland of Sgen people)
However, in the modern language, compound words often don't follow the vowel harmony rule
Grammar
Syntax
Word Order
- Basic Word Order: Subject-Object-Verb(SOV)
- Adpositions are postpositions, conjunctions are at the end of the sentence
Morphology
- Noun inflections:
- Numbers:
- dual:-po/-pi
- plural:-pa/-pe
- Cases:
- Nominative:-ma/-me
- Genitive:-ta/-te
- Dative:-ro/-ri
- Accusative:-mo/-mi
- Benefactive:-ga/-ge
- Instrumental:-go/-gi
- Locative:-to/-ti
- Ablative:-ra/-re
- Numbers:
- Verb inflections:
- infinitive/adverbial: -paro/-peri
- Tense-aspects-mood:
- Indicative:
- present:-paro/-peri
- past imperfective:-poka/-pike
- present continuous:-roka/-rike
- perfective:-gata/-gete
- subjunctive: -ra/-re
- optative:-gomo/-gimi
- Indicative:
- Other marks:
- question maker:-kaga/-kege
- negation:-pamo/-pemi
- adjective:-ta/-te
- dependent clause ender:-maro/-meri
words
This is only a part of the words, the complete word list is under construction.
Numbers
- one:mo
- two:pi
- three:pepi
- four:emi
- five:poka
- (six:mopokapao(1+5); pokamopao(5+1))
- (seven:pipikepei(2+5, vowel mutation); pokapopao(5+2, vowel mutation))
- (eight:piemi(2*4, vowel mutation); pokapapopao(5+3, vowel mutation); pepipikepei(3+5, vowel mutation))
- (nine:taamopoa(10-1, vowel mutation); emipikepei(4+5, vowel mutation); pokaamopao(5+4, vowel mutation))
- ten:taa
- hundred:kaamaa
- plus:pao
- minus:pie
- -th:-ata/-ete
Pronouns
single | dual | triple | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st exclusive | ako | akopo | akoka | akopa |
1st inclusive | ako | akopota | akopotapo | akopotapa |
2nd | pite | pitepi | piteke | pitepe |
3rd general | amo | amopo | - | amopa |
3rd near(this/these) | eri | eripi | - | eripe |
3rd far(that/those) | ara | arapo | - | arapa |
Conjugations and other words
- And: a
- Or: e
- If: i
- Then: mepi
- Because: ka
- So; therefore: ta
- before(also used with dative nouns): pie
- after(also used with dative nouns): pa
- when(not pronoun); as soon as: apo