Difference between revisions of "Tullach language"
(Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Tullach |altname = onna teTúloh |nativename = <big>{{cs|TLCH|on:a t'tUloh}}</big> |pronunciation = [ˈonːa təˈhulox] |states (state) = |region = Ystel |latd = | latm = | latNS = <!-- latitude degrees/minutes/direction --> |longd = | longm = | longEW = <!-- longitude degrees/minutes/direction --> |ethnicity = |speakers = 1,445,000 (total) |date = 2023 |fa...") |
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| style="border:0px solid black;|(ŋ) | | style="border:0px solid black;|(ŋ) | ||
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*Voiceless [n̥] and [ŋ̊] only ever appear as [[Wikipedia:Syllabic consonant|syllabic consonants]]: | |||
**'''<big>{{cs|TLCH|tusknzø}}</big>''' ''tuscnzø'' [ˈtus.kn̥̩.ˌt͡sø] ('merchant ship') | |||
**'''<big>{{cs|TLCH|isknzraØh}}</big>''' ''iscnzraǿh'' [ˌɪs.kn̩.t͡sɾa.ˈøx] ('necromancy') | |||
**'''<big>{{cs|TLCH|aznkAt}}</big>''' ''azncát'' [ˌa.t͡sŋ̩̊.ˈkat] ('happiness') | |||
*[ŋ] is an allophone of [n] before velar consonants. | |||
**'''<big>{{cs|TLCH|ankah}}</big>''' ''ancah'' [ˈaŋ.kax] ('tremor, earthquake') | |||
*[f] appears only in loanwords, however is nonetheless written and thus often pronounced just as ⟨<big>{{cs|TLCH|v}}</big>⟩ [v]. | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ (Standard) Tullach vowel phonemes | |||
! | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 120px;" |[[Wikipedia:Front vowel|Front]] | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 120px;" |[[Wikipedia:Front vowel|Near-front]] | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 120px;" |[[Wikipedia:Central vowel|Central]] | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 120px;" |[[Wikipedia:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | [[Wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]] | |||
| style="border:0px solid black;"|i | |||
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| style="border:0px solid black; background:#DDDDDD;"| | |||
| style="border:0px solid black;"|u | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | [[Wikipedia:Near-close vowel|Near-close]] | |||
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| style="border:0px solid black;"|ɪ | |||
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|- | |||
! scope="row" | [[Wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |||
| style="border:0px solid black;"|e | |||
| style="border:0px solid black;"|ø | |||
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| style="border:0px solid black;"|o | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | [[Wikipedia:Mid vowel|Mid]] | |||
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| colspan="2" style="border:0px solid black; background:#DDDDDD;"|ə | |||
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|- | |||
! scope="row" | [[Wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]] | |||
| style="border:0px solid black;"|a | |||
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Revision as of 01:33, 14 February 2024
Tullach | |
---|---|
onna teTúloh on:a t'tUloh | |
Pronunciation | [ˈonːa təˈhulox] |
Region | Ystel |
Native speakers | 1,445,000 (total) (2023) |
Language family | Ystelo-Atruozan
|
Dialects | Cilnanny |
Writing system | Divorced Adzamic |
Official status | |
Official language in | Tullachia |
CWS code | TLCH |
Tullach (on:a t'tUloh; onna teTúloh, [ˈonːa təˈhulox]) is a Tullachian language within the Ystelic branch of the Ystelo-Atruozan language family. It is most closely related to Stratavite and Rocnaian.
Though spoken by small minorities in neighbouring nations, such as Lower Stratavar, Tullach is only officially recognised in Tullachia, observed in foreign and internal polciies in all but one Tullachian region, Stratavar.
Tullach is written using a form of the Adzamic script, in which glyphs are no longer interconnected and do not have initial, medial, final or isolated forms. "Divorced" Adzamic also makes use of specific stylisations of certain glyphs as well as some Tullach-specific additions.
Name
In some linguistic discussions, the Tullach language may be referred to as Floxy (on:a vlok:a; onna vlocca, [ˈonːa ˈvloʰkːa]), due to its historical emergence from the marshlands towards the east of the country. This alternate name was deemed warranted due to confusion with the Tullachian language family. Previous attempts to clarify the name ended with Thraxian (on:a hrak:a; onna hracca, [ˈonːa ˈʰr̥aʰkːa]), which then however created confusion with the Rocnaian dialect Thraquy.
Dialects
Tullach is generally divided into three dialects, though these are usually mutually intelligible with each other and only in certain areas do they differ so vastly in phonology, syntax or orthography. It is of course to be understood that in areas where Tullach is for the most part a secondary language, in particular Stratavite and Rocnaian-speaking communities, imperfections in learning have caused other steady non=standard forms of Tullach to arise.
Hivasaû (Standard) Tullach
The dialect of Tullach spoken in and around the Hracciû Metropolitan Area forms the standard varioation as is spoken in political and educational situations.
Rural Tullach
The various sub-dialects and accents found throughout Tullachia's sparse rural communities are generally grouped together due to their vast similarities in all but phonology. This dialect encompasses the largest land area of the three main dialects, ranging from as eastwards as Vlencûostiû, as far south as Cilloh to as far westwards as the Flox.
Cilnanny Tullach
This dialect emerged in Inil teCilna and subsequently spread to southern mainland Tullachia. Some linguists argue that Cilnnany diverged enough from Middle Tullach to be considered a separate language, mostly aided by the Cilna Local Council who list it as a proxy-official language. Nonetheless, it is rapidly growing unpopular amongst locals, nowadays only notably visible in the far south-east of Inil teCilna.
Phonology
Consonants
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Labio-velar | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | voiceless | plain | n̥ | ||||||||||||||||||||
labialised | (ŋ̊) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
voiced | plain | m | mː | n | nː | (ŋ) | |||||||||||||||||
labialised | mʷ | mʷː | nʷ | nʷː | |||||||||||||||||||
Plosive | voiceless | plain | p | pː | ʰpː | t | tː | ʰtː | k | kː | ʰkː | ||||||||||||
labialised | pʷ | pʷː | ʰpʷː | tʷ | tʷː | ʰtʷː | kʷ | kʷː | ʰkʷː | ||||||||||||||
voiced | plain | b | bː | d | dː | g | gː | ||||||||||||||||
labialised | bʷ | bʷː | dʷ | dʷː | gʷ | gʷː | |||||||||||||||||
Fricative | voiceless | plain | (f) | s | sː | ʃ | x | h | |||||||||||||||
labialised | sʷ | sʷː | ʃʷ | xʷ | |||||||||||||||||||
voiced | plain | v | ð | ||||||||||||||||||||
labialised | vʷ | ðʷ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Affricate | voiceless | plain | t͡s | ||||||||||||||||||||
labialised | t͡sʷ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | voiced | plain | l | lː | |||||||||||||||||||
labialised | lʷ | lʷː | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | voiceless | plain | ɬ | ɬː | |||||||||||||||||||
labialised | ɬʷ | ɬʷː | |||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | voiceless | ʍ | |||||||||||||||||||||
voiced | j | w | |||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | voiceless | ʰr̥ | |||||||||||||||||||||
voiced | r | r: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Flap | voiceless | ||||||||||||||||||||||
voiced | ɾ |
- Voiceless [n̥] and [ŋ̊] only ever appear as syllabic consonants:
- tusknzø tuscnzø [ˈtus.kn̥̩.ˌt͡sø] ('merchant ship')
- isknzraØh iscnzraǿh [ˌɪs.kn̩.t͡sɾa.ˈøx] ('necromancy')
- aznkAt azncát [ˌa.t͡sŋ̩̊.ˈkat] ('happiness')
- [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] before velar consonants.
- ankah ancah [ˈaŋ.kax] ('tremor, earthquake')
- [f] appears only in loanwords, however is nonetheless written and thus often pronounced just as ⟨v⟩ [v].
Vowels
Front | Near-front | Central | Back | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | ||||||
Near-close | ɪ | |||||||
Close-mid | e | ø | o | |||||
Mid | ə | |||||||
Open | a |