Difference between revisions of "Tomgak"

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|conventional_long_name = Tomgak
|conventional_long_name = Tomgak
|native_name =      <small>''Tomɋäk''</small>
|native_name =      <small>''Tomɋäk''</small>
|common_name =        Tomgak
|common_name =        Tomâǥa
|image_flag =        Tomgak.png
|image_flag =        Tomgak.png
|image_coat =        Tomgakcoatofarms.png
|image_coat =        Tomgakcoatofarms.png
|symbol_type =        Emblem
|symbol_type =        Emblem
|national_motto =    ''ʔua tom'œ''
|national_motto =     
|national_anthem =    ''Tomɋäk - ves'œɂað qä ŋäɋäk''
|national_anthem =    ''Tomâǥa, qaqââɂujurǥë''
|image_map =          LocatormapTomgak.png
|image_map =          LocatormapTomgak.png
|map_caption =       
|map_caption =       
Line 84: Line 84:
}}
}}


'''Tomgak''' (<small>[[Qa Tomo]]:</small> ''Tomɋäk'' [[Qa Tomo#Phonology|[t̪o̞m'ɢɑk]]]), or the '''Northern Federation of Tomgak Kingdoms''' (<small>[[Qa Tomo]]:</small> ''Ž'vexvöɂŋäɋäk Tomɋäkmin'oqäɽ'œɂað'' [[Qa Tomo#Phonology|[ʑβe̞xβø̞ʔŋɑ'ɢɑk t̪o̞mɢɑkmin̪ʲo̞qɑr̪̥ʲɶ'ʔæð]]]), is an island country in Northwest [[Miraria]]. The capital and largest city is Taqtomal. The population of Tomgak is 627,491 people. The country is bordered by [[Qgam]] and [[Seang Pe]] to the southeast, [[Ngeyvger]] to the east, Polar ocean to the north, and [[Sea of Alpa]] to the south. Most of its territory is located above the Arctic Circle. Most of its islands have a polar climate.
'''Tomgak''' (<small>[[Tomian language|Tomian]]:</small> ''Tomâǥa'' [[Tomian language#Phonology|[tɔmɑɢɐ]]]), or the '''Greatest Tomgak''' (<small>[[Tomian language|Tomian]]:</small> ''Cjatësutomâǥačjuj'' [[Tomian language#Phonology|[t͡sʲɐtəsutɔmɑɢɐt͡ʃʲuj]]]), is an island country in Northwest [[Miraria]]. The capital and largest city is Taqtomal. The population of Tomgak is 627,491 people. The country is bordered by [[Qgam]] and [[Seang Pe]] to the southeast, [[Ngeyvger]] to the east, Polar ocean to the north, and [[Sea of Alpa]] to the south. Most of its territory is located above the Arctic Circle. Most of its islands have a polar climate.
==Etymology==
Word ''Tomâǥa'' is tracing back to Proto-Tomic word ''*somь-nhanqax'' which is compounding of words ''*somь'' "river" and ''*nhanqax'' "land, earth, ground, soil".


==Etymology==
The English name for Tomgak comes from Imperial Xâsu dialect of Classical Tomian word ''Tomǥak'' /tɔmɢɐk̚/ which is tracing back to same Proto-Tomic word as word ''Tomâǥa''.
Word ''Tomɋäk'' is a compound of words ''Tom''' "river" and ''ŋäɋäk''  "land" and can be literally translated as "valley".
==History==
==History==
===Early history===
===Pretomic Tomgak (3400BCE - 1100BCE)===
====Paleo-Tomic cultures (2nd millenium BC - End of the 1st millenium BC)====
===Tomic settlement (1100BCE - 920BCE)===
In ancient times, Tomgak Islands was home to several Paleo-Tomic cultures known today from archeological finds. The earliest settlements of Paleo-Tomic people were found on the Big Island and date back to around the 2nd millennium BC. At the end of the 1st millennium BC, for unknown reasons, Paleo-Tomic cultures began to disappear and by the arrival of the Tomic people they had completely disappeared.
===Early Tomic states (740BCE - 631CE)===
====Early Tomic cultures (6th century AD - 13th century AD)====
===Cjatë Commonwealth (631CE - 748CE)===
Around the beginning of the 6th century AD, settlements of the early Tomic cultures began to appear off the coast of the Big Island. By the 11th century, Tomic cultures were already widespread on all islands and gradually city-states grew out of them, and from them small kingdoms. By the 13th century, all the islands were divided between 4 kingdoms.
===Cjatë Empire (748CE - 1143CE)===
====City-states of Tomgak Islands (8th century AD - Middle of the 9th century AD)====
===Settlement of Outer Tomgak (748CE - 1151CE)===
The first city-states arose on the southern coast of the Big Island, they were: Fuchuta and Tomal. The early city-states were isolated from each other, however, with the development of shipbuilding and trade, trade between cities was set up. In the most advantageous position was the city of Tomal, which was located at the intersection of trade routes. Gradually, the cities were united into single states.
[Outer Tomgak is all Tomgak Islands except Cjatë Island]
====Kingdoms of Islands (Middle of the 9th century AD - 1311 AD)====
====Settlement of Imj Islands (748CE - 811CE)====
By the middle of the 9th century, two powerful kingdoms had formed on the Big Island: the Kingdom of Fuchuta and the Kingdom of Tomal. They divided the island between themselves. Relations between the kingdoms were very tense, so a major conflict was not long in coming. In 833, the Kingdom of Tomal conquered the Kingdom of Fuchuta and the Big Island was completely united. In 852, the Kingdom of Tomal annexed neighboring islands other than the Cold Islands.
====Settlement of Xâsu Islands (804CE - 821CE)====
 
====Settlement of Xaiɂö Islands (1005CE - 1151CE)====
The Cold Islands were inhabited by those seeking new lands. The Kingdom of the Cold Islands was formed there sometime in the middle of the 8th century. The Kingdom of the Cold Islands was extremely weak and the Kingdom of Tomal pressed on the kingdom from the southeast. In 911, the Kingdom of Tomal declared war on the Kingdom of the Cold Islands. A month later, the Islands were captured and the Kingdom of the Cold Islands ceased to exist.
===Era of feudalism in Cjatë Empire (1143CE - 1461CE)===
 
===Mhjör Kingdom (1387CE - 1491CE)===
After the war between the Kingdom of Tomal and the Kingdom of Fuchuta, part of the inhabitants of the Kingdom of Fuchuta left the country in search of refuge, which they found in the Far Islands. At the end of the 10th century, the New Kingdom of Fuchuta appeared on the islands. This state did not have an army and was unable to withstand any attack, but remained independent due to its relatively long distance.
===Kramölj's Great Tomgak Empire (1491CE - 1607CE)===
 
===First Tomgak Commonwealth (1607CE - 1831CE)===
In the 11th century, traders from the Kingdom of Tomal sailed in search of new lands, they found the Central Islands. They were annexed in 1311.
====War for Xaiɂö Islands (1639CE - 1642CE)====
 
===Revolution of the Polar Night (1831CE)===
===Great Kingdom of Tomgak (1688 AD - 1804 AD)===
===First Civil War (1831CE - 1837CE)===
In 1688, the ruler of the Kingdom of Tomal, Noqtom XXVI, took the title of King of all Northern Lands of Tomgak (then it was believed that there are some lands south of the present Tomgak). In 1711, Tomgak explorers accidentally found the Far Islands. In 1714, a full-scale invasion of the islands began. The islands were captured in a month and were annexed to Tomgak. In 1752, anti-monarchist movements began to emerge, which later merged into the "Tomgak Anti-Monarchist Freedom Movement". The movement organized terrorist acts, attempts to assassinate the rulers, the movement could have remained an underground terrorist organization until in 1801 there was a severe famine in the country, which claimed the lives of 20 thousand people. Part of the population became disillusioned with the monarchy and the number of TAMFM members began to grow at a tremendous rate. Everything was heading towards civil war. In 1804, a wave of major protests began. The order was given to shoot at them. Over a thousand people were killed during the protests. These events were the reason for the outbreak of the First Civil War.
===Second Tomgak Commonwealth (1837CE - 1901CE)===
===Modern Tomgak===
===Tomgak Empire (1901CE - 1952CE)===
====First Civil War and Post-war period (1804 AD - 1817 AD)====
===Great Kúúlist Revolution (1952CE)===
In 1804, the first battles between monarchists and anti-monarchists began. The Central Islands also had an anarchist movement that fought against anti-monarchists and against monarchists. In 1805, all large settlements were captured, except Taqtomal. The battle for Taqtomal is considered the largest in the history of Tomgak. During the battle, about 50 thousand people died. The battle itself lasted 5 months. As a result, Taqtomal was taken by anti-monarchists. In 1806, the strongholds of monarchist resistance remained on the Cold and Far Islands. In 1807, the civil war ended with the final victory of the anti-monarchists. During the war, the population of Tomgak decreased by 3 times, settlements were devastated, and agricultural products were taken from the population on an ongoing basis. Antimonarchists have built a totalitarian, close to fascist, state. However, after a severe crop failure in 1815. The worst famine in the history of Tomgak began. The population decreased by 2 times, falling to a historical minimum. People were very unhappy with the situation. In 1817, the Tomgak government announced that they were not interested in the opinion of the people.
===Second Civil War (1952CE - 1961CE)===
====Second Civil War (1817 AD - 1818 AD)====
===Tomian Supreme Helsonian Republics (1961CE - 2001CE)===
In 1817, there was a revolution that started the Second Civil War. It went on for a very short time, since almost everyone was dissatisfied with the government at that time. In 1818, deputies of the Tomgak government were shot in a village near Taqtomal. In Tomgak, the monarchy began to rule again.
===Political crysis and Dissolution (2001CE - 2006CE)===
====Second Kingdom of Tomgak (1818 AD - 1911 AD)====
===Tomian Wars (2006CE - 2011CE)===
During the period of the Second Kingdom, industrialization began in Tomgak, the policy of "One people - one language" began, the goal of which was to assimilate the population of the Far Islands. Also the absolute monarchy became semi-constitutional. In 1911, during the passage of the royal family through the country near the city of Ilaal, an attempt was made on the life of the royal family. Bombs were planted in two cars in which the family members were sitting, which exploded when they were leaving the city, killing everyone in the car. A period of political instability began.
===Tomgak Republic (2011CE - 2016CE)===
====Period of political instability (1911 AD - 1958 AD)====
===Modern Tomgak (2016CE - ...)===
In 1911, the Tomgak parliament was dissolved and a new one was convened. In the new parliament, 97 out of 100 seats were held by the "Children of the Islands" party. Their dictatorship lasted until 1952, during which time about 2 thousand people were killed based on race, nationality and political preferences. In 1952, an uprising was raised in Taqtomal, which grew into a large-scale revolution. During the revolution, the "Children of the Islands" regime was overthrown. The reign of the Provisional Government of Tomgak began. In 1954, during a military coup, the Provisional Government was overthrown, taking advantage of the opportunity, some of the islands declared their independence. On the Big Island, the Far and Cold Islands, the Tomgak People's Union was formed. The South Kingdom of Tomgak (or South Tomgak) was formed in the Central Islands. In 1956, political instability began within the Tomgak People's Union, which South Tomgak took advantage of and, in a surprise attack, captured all the islands in five months. In 1958 the Southern Kingdom of Tomgak was renamed the Northern Federation of Tomgak Kingdoms.
====Third Kingdom of Tomgak (1958 AD - ...)====
Noqtom XL became the ruler of Tomgak. During his reign, a free market appeared, the country became more democratic, but in 1962 Noqtom XL dies and due to the fact that among his heirs there were two twin brothers - Noqtom XLI and Ekletom III, the power in the country was divided between them. However, in 1964 Ekletom III dies of a heart attack and Noqtom XLI gains full power. In 1966, a series of five military conflicts began between Tomgak and the Second Tomgak People's Union, which formed in the Far Islands. The first conflict lasted from 1966 to 1968 and ended with the defeat of Tomgak. The second conflict lasted from 1970 to 1977 and ended with the status quo. The third conflict lasted from 1990 to 1993 and ended with the victory of the Second Tomgak People's Union and the capture of the Cold Islands. The fourth conflict lasted from 1997 to 2000 and ended with the defeat of the Second Tomgak People's Union. The Cold Islands and part of the south Far Islands passed to Tomgak. The fifth conflict lasted from 2004 to 2007, as a result, Tomgak completely defeated the Second Tomgak People's Union.
 
==Geography==
==Geography==
Tomgak is at the juncture of the [[Sea of Alpa]] and Polar Ocean. Located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.
Tomgak is at the juncture of the [[Sea of Alpa]] and Polar Ocean. Located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.

Revision as of 21:38, 20 October 2021

Tomgak
Tomɋäk
Flag Emblem
Anthem: Tomâǥa, qaqââɂujurǥë
Capital
and largest city		Taqtomal
Official languages Qa Tomo
Ethnic groups Tomians
Demonym Tomians, Tomian
Government Federal semi-constitutional monarchy
 -  Noqar Noqtom XLI Vogeltomo Taqtomalo
Legislature Parliament
Area
 -  Total 119,259 km2
46,046 sq mi
Population
 -  2021 estimate 627.491
 -  2015 census 627.211
 -  Density 6.2/km2
16.1/sq mi
HDI 0.852
very high
Currency Сuk (CUK)
Date format yyyy.mm.dd
Drives on the "right"
Calling code +8
Internet TLD .tm

Tomgak (Tomian: Tomâǥa [tɔmɑɢɐ]), or the Greatest Tomgak (Tomian: Cjatësutomâǥačjuj [t͡sʲɐtəsutɔmɑɢɐt͡ʃʲuj]), is an island country in Northwest Miraria. The capital and largest city is Taqtomal. The population of Tomgak is 627,491 people. The country is bordered by Qgam and Seang Pe to the southeast, Ngeyvger to the east, Polar ocean to the north, and Sea of Alpa to the south. Most of its territory is located above the Arctic Circle. Most of its islands have a polar climate.

Etymology

Word Tomâǥa is tracing back to Proto-Tomic word *somь-nhanqax which is compounding of words *somь "river" and *nhanqax "land, earth, ground, soil".

The English name for Tomgak comes from Imperial Xâsu dialect of Classical Tomian word Tomǥak /tɔmɢɐk̚/ which is tracing back to same Proto-Tomic word as word Tomâǥa.

History

Pretomic Tomgak (3400BCE - 1100BCE)

Tomic settlement (1100BCE - 920BCE)

Early Tomic states (740BCE - 631CE)

Cjatë Commonwealth (631CE - 748CE)

Cjatë Empire (748CE - 1143CE)

Settlement of Outer Tomgak (748CE - 1151CE)

[Outer Tomgak is all Tomgak Islands except Cjatë Island]

Settlement of Imj Islands (748CE - 811CE)

Settlement of Xâsu Islands (804CE - 821CE)

Settlement of Xaiɂö Islands (1005CE - 1151CE)

Era of feudalism in Cjatë Empire (1143CE - 1461CE)

Mhjör Kingdom (1387CE - 1491CE)

Kramölj's Great Tomgak Empire (1491CE - 1607CE)

First Tomgak Commonwealth (1607CE - 1831CE)

War for Xaiɂö Islands (1639CE - 1642CE)

Revolution of the Polar Night (1831CE)

First Civil War (1831CE - 1837CE)

Second Tomgak Commonwealth (1837CE - 1901CE)

Tomgak Empire (1901CE - 1952CE)

Great Kúúlist Revolution (1952CE)

Second Civil War (1952CE - 1961CE)

Tomian Supreme Helsonian Republics (1961CE - 2001CE)

Political crysis and Dissolution (2001CE - 2006CE)

Tomian Wars (2006CE - 2011CE)

Tomgak Republic (2011CE - 2016CE)

Modern Tomgak (2016CE - ...)

Geography

Tomgak is at the juncture of the Sea of Alpa and Polar Ocean. Located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.

Climate

Most areas of the Tomgak archipelago are subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc). The northern islands usually belong to tundra (Köppen climate classification: ET). The islands are windy, cloudy, and cool throughout the year.

Köppen climate classification of Tomgak

The collection of meteorological data on the Tomgak Islands began in 1749. In 1961, on the island of Zhyvexpuja, a record low temperature in the entire country was recorded and was −72.9 degrees. The highest temperature in Tomgak was recorded in 1871 on the island of Dusternpuja and was +31.4 degrees.

Climate data for Tomgak
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2) 		5.5
(41.9) 		11.3
(52.3) 		16.2
(61.2) 		28.4
(83.1) 		30.7
(87.3) 		31.4
(88.5) 		29.1
(84.4) 		21.6
(70.9) 		16.9
(62.4) 		11.2
(52.2) 		6.3
(43.3) 		31.4
(88.5)
Average high °C (°F) −13.2
(8.2) 		−9.5
(14.9) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		7.1
(44.8) 		13.4
(56.1) 		16.6
(61.9) 		20.9
(69.6) 		18.3
(64.9) 		13.5
(56.3) 		5.1
(41.2) 		−9.2
(15.4) 		−17.4
(0.7) 		3.6
(38.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −18.4
(−1.1) 		−12.6
(9.3) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		5.4
(41.7) 		6.9
(44.4) 		14.2
(57.6) 		18.4
(65.1) 		16.1
(61) 		10.7
(51.3) 		2.9
(37.2) 		−13.3
(8.1) 		−20.4
(−4.7) 		0.6
(33.1)
Average low °C (°F) −28.2
(−18.8) 		−26.5
(−15.7) 		−17.6
(0.3) 		−8.6
(16.5) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		1.1
(34) 		8.3
(46.9) 		7.2
(45) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−6.3
(20.7) 		−12.4
(9.7) 		−19.4
(−2.9) 		−8.9
(16)
Record low °C (°F) −63.1
(−81.6) 		−72.9
(−99.2) 		−44.3
(−47.7) 		−39.1
(−38.4) 		−19.8
(−3.6) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		0.1
(32.2) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		−17.5
(0.5) 		−20.6
(−5.1) 		−41.5
(−42.7) 		−58.5
(−73.3) 		−72.9
(−99.2)
Source: Tomian Meteorological Office

Biodiversity

Politics

Government

Administrative divisions

Tomgak is a federal state and comprises five regions (sngaks). Each region has its own constitution. The borders of the regions completely coincide with the borders of the ancient Tomian kingdoms (except for the capital region).

Regions (sngaks) of Tomgak
  Central region (Šuramsŋäk)
  Region of Central Islands (Sŋäk Šurampuƶaœɂað)
  Region of Far Islands (Sŋäk Fučpuƶaœɂað)
  Region of Big Island (Sŋäk Togoypuƶaœ)
  Region of Cold Islands (Sŋäk Tɂuopuƶaœɂað)

Foreign relations

Military

Economy

Transport

Energy

Science and technology

Tourism

Demographics

Ethnic groups

Urbanisation

5 most populous urban areas of Tomgak:

Rank City/town population
1 Taqtomal (Täqtomäl) 314,221
2 Tuoal (Tɂuoäl) 21,508
3 Ilyaal (Il'aäl) 16,332
4 Tomal (Tomäl) 8,011
5 Zhyvexal (Ž'vexäl) 5,102

Language

The official written and spoken language of Tomgak is Qa Tomo, a Qaic language of Tomic language family. At the moment, all the relatives of the language are dead, due to the policy called "One people - one language", when absolutely everyone was forced to speak Qa Tomo. Due to the very strong purism in the language, loanwords are almost completely absent.

The language has become written quite recently. Around the 18th century, the language developed a written language, the exact origin of which is unknown.

Education

Healthcare

Religion

Culture

Rites

Rites of passage

Family
Birth

After the birth of the child, a ritual is performed over the newborn. Depending on gender, water (male) or snow (female) is rubbed into the newborn. It is believed that after this the child will live a very long life. On some northern islands, a similar rite can be performed on the parents of the child.

Marriage

The future husband and wife meet on the hill and in the presence of their parents, (if any) brothers and / or sisters, good friends, and the head of the village / town / city. They promise that they will be faithful to each other, hug, and then shout to the sky that they are now husband and wife.

Breakup

Breakup is the same as a wedding, but instead of hugging, the husband and wife move away from each other, say goodbye, and then shout to the sky that this is the end of their relationship.

Funeral

After the death of a certain person, before burial, he is "fed" with a mixture of feces, urine and a small amount of blood (a couple of drops) of the person closest to the deceased. After he is cremated, his ashes are placed in a bag and thrown into the sea.

Society
Coronation

After the accession of the ruler to the throne, his coronation takes place. He is poured over with very cold water, the people present at the coronation begin to say his duties, and then they say his full title. After that, the new ruler shouts to the sky that he became a ruler, and only after that he officially becomes a ruler.

Due to the fact that Tomgak is a federation, approximately the same rites take place in the regions, but on a smaller scale and with some differences, depending on the region.

Moving

Earlier, in Tomgak, a rite was very popular when, when a person moved to a new settlement, the inhabitants of this settlement met him, gave him gifts and greeted him, but with the growth of the city this rite fade out, however, in some small settlements (the population of which usually less than 1000) this rite is still performed.

Architecture

The earliest forms of Tomian architecture was igloos, chums and dugouts. With the development of vernicular architecture, dugouts turned into cabins. The owner of each wanted to somehow make his house stand out from the rest, most often they created patterned window frames or cut something on the walls of their house. With the beginning of industrialization, the mass building of cities with panel buildings began.

Literature

Art

Music

Theatre

Film

Most of Tomgak's films were filmed in the 20th century and were often filmed for propaganda purposes and in order to discredit the enemy. The most striking example of the film, filmed in order to discredit the enemy was the film "Death of God" (kxäy yes'ŋäœ), filmed in order to discredit the monarchical regime. The film shows brutal scenes of executions and torture of political opponents of the monarchy; at the moment, most of the film is considered lost. From the film, only a frame with the name of the film remains.

The only frame of the film that has survived to this day

Cuisine

Tomians traditionally hunters and fishers. They hunt whales, seal, polar bears, birds and fish. Seaweed, berries and roots is also eaten. In winter, the staple foods are stroganina and akutaq (the traditional recipe is made with reindeer milk, raspberries and blueberries). Fish is eaten raw, frozen or dried. Yukola is made from fish that are left for a long period of storage or for long trips, stored in small bags. Caviar and whale meat are considered a delicacy. Water, broths from various fish, reindeer milk and a cocktail made from milk and various berries are used as a drink. Meat products are very often infused with the blood of the animals from which the dish was made.

Tomians believe that food from other cultures is extremely tasteless, so they avoid any meals if they do not have food from Tomian cuisine and even under such conditions they will eat it worse, because they believe that only Tomians can cook Tomian food. This idea reaches such an absurdity that even the water that was not collected by a Tomian, they consider terribly tasteless.

On the first day of the polar night, it is customary to eat fried great auk meat (as a symbol of the death of the day). After the end of the polar night, it is customary to eat fried eggs of the great auk (as a symbol of the rebirth of the day). A few months before the beginning of the polar night, part of the food is canned as reserves.

Sport

At the moment, the most popular sport is skiing, people compete in how far they will go on them or how quickly they will reach a specific point. Ice skating is also a fairly popular sport, people compete in how beautiful and filigree movements they are able to perform, how many feelings they can show in their movements.

Until 1894, the competition for the amount of salt water drunk was very popular, however, during one of the competitions in 1894, a certain participant, whose name is unknown, drank so much salt water that after the competition he fell dead.

Symbols

See also

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