Difference between revisions of "Manean language"
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Manean is the official language of [[Manea]] | Manean is the official language of [[Manea]] and is spoken alongside of other [[Languages of Manea|languages of Manea]]. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Manean is a Ngerupic language which is | Manean is a Ngerupic language which is descended from Mañi. It is most closely related to [[Awatese language|Awatese]]. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Plosive | ! style="" |Plosive | ||
| | | | ||
| t ⟨t⟩ | | t ⟨t⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
| k ⟨k⟩ | | k ⟨k⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Voiceless Continuant | ! style="" |Voiceless Continuant | ||
| | | ɸ ⟨f⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
| ʃ ⟨x⟩ | | ʃ ⟨x⟩ | ||
| | | h ⟨h⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Voiced Continuant | ! style="" |Voiced Continuant | ||
| | | β ⟨v⟩ | ||
| ð ⟨d⟩ | | ð ⟨d⟩ | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Approximant | ! style="" |Approximant | ||
| Line 91: | Line 91: | ||
! style="" |Rhotic | ! style="" |Rhotic | ||
| | | | ||
| | | r ⟨r⟩<sup>3</sup> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Vowels==== | ====Vowels==== | ||
| Line 129: | Line 123: | ||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
===Numerals=== | |||
Numerals in Manean are complex, each having three forms differing in usage. These usages vary considerable among speakers, but the most common usages are enumerated below. | |||
# The first numeral form is the native numeral, inherited from Mañi. These numerals are most often used in formal context, in general counting, and frequently to count people. | |||
# The second numeral form is the substrate numeral, also inherited from Mañi but from substrate origins. These numerals are often used to count animate (non-human) objects, long/thin items, and inaminate objects, informally.. | |||
# The third numeral form is the Ounyu numeral, borrowed from [[Vayama language|Vayama]]. These numerals are used to count maritime objects and islands of varying animacy and in contexts of non-high formality. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! style="width: 90px; "| | |||
! style="width: 90px; " |Native | |||
! style="width: 90px; " |Substrate | |||
! style="width: 90px; " |Ounyu | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |1 | |||
| mvi | |||
| kay | |||
| me | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |2 | |||
| ra | |||
| tay | |||
| la | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |3 | |||
| li | |||
| va | |||
| li | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |4 | |||
| e | |||
| tąmfe | |||
| akume | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |5 | |||
| den | |||
| mekuy | |||
| tan | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |6 | |||
| ngonem | |||
| tenav | |||
| tame | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |7 | |||
| ngonera | |||
| kuyav | |||
| tanla | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |8 | |||
| ngoneli | |||
| fata | |||
| tanli | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |9 | |||
| ngokung | |||
| xutakay | |||
| ngakume | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |10 | |||
| deądą | |||
| mexąn | |||
| tanga | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==Writing and literature== | ==Writing and literature== | ||
Revision as of 13:48, 11 July 2022
| Manean | |
|---|---|
| Mani | |
| Pronunciation | /mæni/ |
| Language family | Ngerupic
|
| Early forms: | |
| CWS code | – |
Manean is the official language of Manea and is spoken alongside of other languages of Manea.
Classification
Manean is a Ngerupic language which is descended from Mañi. It is most closely related to Awatese.
History
Phonology and Orthography
Manean is characterized by a strange phonology for a Ngerupic language.
Phonemes
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ | |
| Plosive | t ⟨t⟩ | k ⟨k⟩ | ||
| Voiceless Continuant | ɸ ⟨f⟩ | ʃ ⟨x⟩ | h ⟨h⟩ | |
| Voiced Continuant | β ⟨v⟩ | ð ⟨d⟩ | ||
| Approximant | l ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ | ||
| Rhotic | r ⟨r⟩3 |
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i ⟨i⟩ | u ⟨u⟩ |
| Mid | e ⟨e⟩ | o ⟨o⟩ |
| Open | æ ⟨a⟩ | a ⟨ą⟩ |
Phonotactics
Morphology and syntax
Vocabulary
Numerals
Numerals in Manean are complex, each having three forms differing in usage. These usages vary considerable among speakers, but the most common usages are enumerated below.
- The first numeral form is the native numeral, inherited from Mañi. These numerals are most often used in formal context, in general counting, and frequently to count people.
- The second numeral form is the substrate numeral, also inherited from Mañi but from substrate origins. These numerals are often used to count animate (non-human) objects, long/thin items, and inaminate objects, informally..
- The third numeral form is the Ounyu numeral, borrowed from Vayama. These numerals are used to count maritime objects and islands of varying animacy and in contexts of non-high formality.
| Native | Substrate | Ounyu | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mvi | kay | me |
| 2 | ra | tay | la |
| 3 | li | va | li |
| 4 | e | tąmfe | akume |
| 5 | den | mekuy | tan |
| 6 | ngonem | tenav | tame |
| 7 | ngonera | kuyav | tanla |
| 8 | ngoneli | fata | tanli |
| 9 | ngokung | xutakay | ngakume |
| 10 | deądą | mexąn | tanga |