Difference between revisions of "Balak language"
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name = Balak | |name = Balak | ||
|altname = | |altname = Balâkzem | ||
|nativename = {{cs|JZG|. Balaakzem .}} | |nativename = {{cs|JZG|. Balaakzem .}} | ||
|pronunciation = /bɑˈlak.zɛm/ | |pronunciation = /bɑˈlak.zɛm/ | ||
|states (state) = [[Balakia]] | |states (state) = [[Balakia]] | ||
|region = Vaniua | |region = [[Vaniua]] | ||
|latd = | latm = | latNS = <!-- latitude degrees/minutes/direction --> | |latd = | latm = | latNS = <!-- latitude degrees/minutes/direction --> | ||
|longd = | longm = | longEW = <!-- longitude degrees/minutes/direction --> | |longd = | longm = | longEW = <!-- longitude degrees/minutes/direction --> | ||
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{{Vaniuans}} | {{Vaniuans}} | ||
'''Balak''' ({{cs|JZG|. Balaakzem .}}; '' | '''Balak''' ({{cs|JZG|. Balaakzem .}}; ''Balâkzem'', /bɑˈlak.zɛm/) is a [[Kashisan languages|Kashisan]] language within the [[Eastern Vaniuan]] branch of the [[Vaniuan]] language family. Along with the [[Chindushi language|Chindushi]] and [[Gushli language|Gushli]] languages, Balak is a national variant of the pluricentric [[Jazaghan language|Jazaghan]] language, although it is more divergent compared to the other varieties. Balak belongs to the [[Kashisan languages|Kashisan]] branch of the [[Vaniuan languages|Vaniuan language family]]. Standard Balak is written in the [[Balak alphabet]], a modified variant of the [[Vaniuan alphabet]]. | ||
The Balak language is considered a continuation of [[Middle Jazaghan language|Middle Jazaghan]], X. Throughout its history the language has been considerably influenced by the [[Khamaian language]], the ancestor of which also served as a substrate for [[Proto-Kashisan language|Proto-Kashisan]]. | The Balak language is considered a continuation of [[Middle Jazaghan language|Middle Jazaghan]], X. Throughout its history the language has been considerably influenced by the [[Khamaian language]], the ancestor of which also served as a substrate for [[Proto-Kashisan language|Proto-Kashisan]]. | ||
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==Name== | ==Name== | ||
Standard Balak is known natively as '' | Standard Balak is known natively as ''Balâkzem'', pronounced /bɑˈlak.zɛm/. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
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... | ... | ||
Modern Standard Balak is heavily based on the | Modern Standard Balak is heavily based on the dialect of [[Yercêsven]]. | ||
==Dialects== | ==Dialects== | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Balak has a system of 10 phonemic vowels. X. Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Balak phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phonemic opposition, the long/tense vowels are still realised as phonetically longer than their short counterparts. The changes in vowel quality are also not always the same in all dialects, and in some there may be little difference at all, with length remaining the primary distinguishing feature as in other standard varieties of Jazaghan. | |||
{| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | |||
| | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
| | |+ Short/lax vowels | ||
|- | |||
| | ! | ||
| | ! Front | ||
! Back | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| ɪ | |||
| ʊ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Mid | ||
| ɛ | |||
| ɔ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Open | ||
| | | | ||
| ɑ | |||
|} | |||
| | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | |||
|+ Long/tense vowels | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
! Front | |||
! Back | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Close | ||
| iː | |||
| uː | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Mid | ||
| eː | |||
| oː | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Open | ||
| | | aː | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |||
|} | |} | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
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[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Miraria]] | [[Category:Miraria]] | ||
[[Category:Vaniua]] |
Revision as of 16:32, 28 July 2018
Balak | |
---|---|
Balâkzem . Balaakzem . | |
Pronunciation | /bɑˈlak.zɛm/ |
Region | Vaniua |
Ethnicity | Balaks |
Native speakers | 57 million (2016) |
Language family | |
Early forms: | Proto-Vaniuan
|
Writing system | Vaniuan script |
Official status | |
Official language in | Balakia |
Regulated by | Institute of Balak Language and Linguistics at the University of Yercésven |
CWS code | bks |
Location of Balak speakers in Vaniua regions where Standard Balak is the language of the majority regions where Standard Balak is the language of a significant minority regions where Chindushi is the language of the majority regions where Chindushi is the language of a significant minority |
Part of a series on |
Vaniuans |
---|
Nations |
Non-independent regions
Former nations
Balak Empire Baysanid Khanate Federated Kingdom Great Horde Holy Shanyedate Kothlen Horde Shomosvan Tamisang Hojanate Torosh Khanate Uhimid Hojanate Vos State |
Languages |
Religions |
Other |
Balak (. Balaakzem .; Balâkzem, /bɑˈlak.zɛm/) is a Kashisan language within the Eastern Vaniuan branch of the Vaniuan language family. Along with the Chindushi and Gushli languages, Balak is a national variant of the pluricentric Jazaghan language, although it is more divergent compared to the other varieties. Balak belongs to the Kashisan branch of the Vaniuan language family. Standard Balak is written in the Balak alphabet, a modified variant of the Vaniuan alphabet.
The Balak language is considered a continuation of Middle Jazaghan, X. Throughout its history the language has been considerably influenced by the Khamaian language, the ancestor of which also served as a substrate for Proto-Kashisan.
There are roughly 57 million Balak speakers worldwide, holding official status in Balakia, and regional or minority status in Komania and Gushlia.
Geographic Distribution
Name
Standard Balak is known natively as Balâkzem, pronounced /bɑˈlak.zɛm/.
Classification
...
Modern Standard Balak is heavily based on the dialect of Yercêsven.
Dialects
History
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | |||
Plosive | p b | t d | k g | ||
Fricative | f v | s sᵝ z zᵝ | ʃ | h | |
Affricate | t͡s | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | |||
Approximant | j | ɰ | |||
Flap or tap | ɾ | ||||
Lateral app. | l |
Vowels
Balak has a system of 10 phonemic vowels. X. Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Balak phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phonemic opposition, the long/tense vowels are still realised as phonetically longer than their short counterparts. The changes in vowel quality are also not always the same in all dialects, and in some there may be little difference at all, with length remaining the primary distinguishing feature as in other standard varieties of Jazaghan.
|
|
Phonotactics
Orthography
Grammar
Morphology
Balaki is a moderately agglutinative language, though it does preserve fusional affixes for nouns and verbs. Nouns are divided into two animacy classes - animate and inanimate - and are inflected slightly differently depending on the class they are on; inanimate nouns don't inflect for plural number, while animate nouns do.