Difference between revisions of "Ngerupic languages"
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[[Wa Ñi language|Wa Ñi]] | [[Wa Ñi language|Wa Ñi]] | ||
*[[Mañi language]] | *[[Proto-Kwang language]]: ([[Kwangic languages]]) | ||
***[[Middle Kwang language]] | |||
***[[Kwang language|Standard Kwang language]] | |||
***[[Awarahli Kwang language]] | |||
***[[Xuni Kwang language]] | |||
**[[Seang Pe language]] | |||
**[[Karduvic language]] | |||
**[[Hlao language]] | |||
*[[Mañi language]]: ([[Mañic languages]]) | |||
**[[Hlung language]] | **[[Hlung language]] | ||
**[[Maypawh language]] | **[[Maypawh language]] | ||
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***[[Awatese language]] | ***[[Awatese language]] | ||
***[[Mänean language]] | ***[[Mänean language]] | ||
*[[Wanyima-Wanyuu language]]: [[ | **[[Shohuese Mañi]] | ||
***[[Yachanóoli language]] | |||
*[[Wu Eendehen language]]: WIP | |||
*[[Wanyima-Wanyuu language]]: [[Ounyu languages]] (name Ounyu comes from the Wu Eendehen phrase for 'new language', o2 uñu3, adapted into Yatååkåå) | |||
**[[Yatååkåå language]] | **[[Yatååkåå language]] | ||
**[[Waľavaľwa language]] | **[[Waľavaľwa language]] | ||
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***[[Yako'e language]] | ***[[Yako'e language]] | ||
***[[Kyathros language]] | ***[[Kyathros language]] | ||
*[[Uemaua languages]] | |||
**[[Ngigu language]] | |||
*[[Ghoni language]] | |||
**[[Classical Lutyan language]] | |||
*[[Terminian language#Old Terminian|Old Terminian language]] ([[Termic languages]]) | *[[Terminian language#Old Terminian|Old Terminian language]] ([[Termic languages]]) | ||
**[[Terminian language#Middle Terminian|Middle Terminian language]] | **[[Terminian language#Middle Terminian|Middle Terminian language]] | ||
***[[Terminian language]] | ***[[Terminian language]] | ||
***[[Proper Amerhani language]] | ***[[Proper Amerhani language]] | ||
**[[Vulgar Amerhani language]] | **[[Vulgar Amerhani language]] | ||
**[[Baridus language]] | **[[Baridus language]] | ||
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***[[Utoyyi language]] | ***[[Utoyyi language]] | ||
***[[Bomhani language]] | ***[[Bomhani language]] | ||
==Typology== | ==Typology== | ||
Revision as of 02:35, 29 December 2020
| Ngerupic | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: | Akulanen and Ekuosia: Amerhan, Awarahl, Awating, Cerman, Kadya, Magali, Quaxin Xun, Shohai, Utol, Barradiwa, Yachiro, Qonklaks, Riyana, Bosato, Mänea |
| Linguistic classification: | One of the world's primary language families |
| Proto-language: | Wa Ñi |
| CWS code | wan |
The Ngerupic languages are a language family comprising about 100 languages of southwestern Miraria, primarily the Akulanen and Soltenna regions, which are all descended from Wa Ñi. They are spoken by about 300 million people in total. The official languages of Amerhan, Awarahl, Cerman, Kadya, Magali, Shohai, Utol, Quaxin Xun, Qonklaks, Yachiro, and Zaizung are Ngerupic, while Ngerupic languages are spoken by substantial populations in Barradiwa, Riyana, and Bosato.
Since Wa Ñi was spoken around 5000 years ago, the present-day languages have diverged substantially. Magali is the area of greatest diversity, with more than half the Ngerupic languages spoken there. Due to the expansion of Yatååkåå within Magali, the regions of greatest diversity are the relatively inaccessible mountainous central and northwest regions of Magali. Other regions with many smaller Ngerupic languages include Shohai and Awarahl.
The most-spoken Ngerupic languages on Sahar are Terminian, Awatese, Yatååkåå, Sąñàwa and Kwang, each with more than 10 million speakers. In contrast, many Ngerupic languages of Awarahl, northwestern Amerhan and rural Magali are highly endangered, with less than a hundred thousand speakers each.
Languages
| Language | Classification | Number of native speakers | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminian language | Termic | 115,000,000 | Cerman, Amerhan, amongst others |
| Kwang language | Kwangic | 85,000,000 | Qonklaks, Karduv, Zaizung, amongst others |
| Sąñàwa language | Mañi | 30,000,000 (possibly more or less idk -den) | Kadya (South) |
| Awatese language | Mañi: Awato-Mänean | 22,600,000 | Awating |
| Mänean language | Mañi: Awato-Mänean | ??,000,000 (idk -proton) | Mänea |
| Zaizung Languages | Mañi | 18,000,000 | Zaizung |
| Yatååkåå language | Kumadnyu | 15,000,000 | Magali (Northeast) |
| Hlung language | Mañi | 8,000,000 (idk -den) | Quaxin Xun (Southeast) |
| Ndxiixun language | Mañi: Tuŋñi | 8,000,000 (idk -den) | Quaxin Xun (Central) |
| Nichoh language | Mañi: Tuŋñi | 8,000,000 (idk -den) | Quaxin Xun (West-central) |
| Baridus language | Termic | 4,500,000 | Barradiwa (Baridia) |
| Yachanooli language | Mañi | 300,000 | Shohai (Northeast) |
| Ngigu language | Uemaua | 268,000 | Awating (Southern) |
| Waľavaľwa language | Kumandyu | 95,000 | Quaxin Xun (Insular) |
| Bilemã language | Termic | 200 | Awating (Central-southern) |
Taxonomy
The first-order daughters of Wa Ñi seem to have formed a dialect continuum, with subsequent diversification especially in northwest and central Magali. The most commonly agreed-upon taxonomy of Ngerupic languages runs as follows, with primary branches from north to south:
- Proto-Kwang language: (Kwangic languages)
- Mañi language: (Mañic languages)
- Wu Eendehen language: WIP
- Wanyima-Wanyuu language: Ounyu languages (name Ounyu comes from the Wu Eendehen phrase for 'new language', o2 uñu3, adapted into Yatååkåå)
- Uemaua languages
- Ghoni language
- Old Terminian language (Termic languages)
Typology
Ngerupic languages are extremely diverse in typology, but some common characteristics are:
- small phonemic inventories, with little phonation contrast
- many sonorants, especially laterals and rhotics
- tone
- nasalized vowels
- simple syllable structure
- noun classes with distinct singular and plural classes
- subject and possibly object prefixes on verbs
- compounding as main form of derivation
- head-initial
- marked mood on verb