Difference between revisions of "Ngerupic languages"

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{{Infobox language family
{{Infobox language family
|name        = Ngerupic
|name        = Ngerupic
|region      = [[Akulanen]] and [[Ekuosia]]: [[Amerhan]], [[Awarahl]], [[Cerman]], [[Kadya]], [[Magali]], [[Quaxin Xun]], [[Shohai]], [[Utol]], [[Barradiwa]], [[Yachiro]], [[Qonklaks]], [[Riyana]], [[Bosato]]
|region      = [[Akulanen]], [[Soltenna]] and [[Ekuosia]]
|familycolor  = ngerupic
|familycolor  = ngerupic
|family      = One of the world's primary [[Wikipedia:Language family|language families]]
|family      = One of Sahar's primary [[List of language families#Language families|language families]]
|protoname    = [[Wa Ñi language|Wa Ñi]]
|protoname    = [[Wa Ñi language|Wa Ñi]]
|iso3        = wan
|iso3        =  
|map          =  
|map          =  
|mapcaption  =  
|mapcaption  =  
}}
}}


The '''Ngerupic languages''' are a [[Wikipedia:Language family|language family]] comprising about 100 languages of southwestern [[Miraria]], primarily the [[Akulanen]] region, which are all descended from [[Wa Ñi language|Wa Ñi]]. They are spoken by about 300 million people in total. The official languages of [[Amerhan]], [[Awarahl]], [[Cerman]], [[Kadya]], [[Magali]], [[Shohai]], [[Quaxin Xun]], [[Qonklaks]], [[Yachiro]], and [[Utol]] are Ngerupic, while Ngerupic languages are spoken by substantial populations in [[Barradiwa]], [[Riyana]], and [[Bosato]].
The '''Ngerupic languages''' are a [[Wikipedia:Language family|language family]] comprising about 100 languages of southwestern [[Miraria]], primarily the [[Akulanen]] and [[Soltenna]] regions, which are all descended from [[Wa Ñi language|Wa Ñi]]. They are spoken by about 500 million people in total. The official languages of [[Amerhan]], [[Awarahl]], [[Cerman]], [[Kadya]], [[Karduv]], [[Lutya]], [[Magali]], [[Shohai]], [[Utol]], [[Quaxin Xun]], [[Qonklaks]], [[Yachiro]], and [[Zaizung]] are Ngerupic, while Ngerupic languages are spoken by substantial populations in [[Barradiwa]], [[Riyana]], and [[Bosato]].


Since Wa Ñi was spoken around 5000 years ago, the present-day languages have diverged substantially. [[Magali]] is the area of greatest diversity, with more than half the Ngerupic languages spoken there. Due to the expansion of [[Teixo]] and [[Yavodna language|Yavodna]] within Magali, the regions of greatest diversity are the relatively inaccessible mountainous central and northwest regions of [[Magali]]. Other regions with many smaller Ngerupic languages include [[Shohai]] and [[Awarahl]].
Since Wa Ñi was spoken around 5000 years ago, the present-day languages have diverged substantially. [[Magali]] is the area of greatest diversity, with more than half the Ngerupic languages spoken there. Due to the expansion of [[Yatååkåå language|Yatååkåå]] within Magali, the regions of greatest diversity are the relatively inaccessible mountainous central and northwest regions of [[Magali]]. Other regions with many smaller Ngerupic languages include [[Shohai]] and [[Awarahl]].


The most-spoken Ngerupic languages on [[Sahar]] are [[Terminian language|Terminian]], [[Teixo]], [[Yavodna]], [[Sąñàwa]] and [[Qonklese]], each with more than 10 million speakers. In contrast, many Ngerupic languages of Awarahl, northwestern Amerhan and rural Magali are highly endangered, with less than a hundred thousand speakers each.
The most-spoken Ngerupic languages on [[Sahar]] are [[Terminian language|Terminian]], [[Awatese language|Awatese]], [[Yatååkåå]], [[Karduvic language|Karduvic]] and [[Kwang language|Kwang]], each with more than 10 million speakers. In contrast, many Ngerupic languages of Awarahl, northwestern Amerhan and rural Magali are highly endangered, with less than a hundred thousand speakers each.


==Languages==
==Languages==
Line 22: Line 22:
! Language !! Classification !! Number of native speakers !! Location
! Language !! Classification !! Number of native speakers !! Location
|-
|-
|[[Terminian language]] || Termic || 115,000,000 || [[Cerman]], [[Amerhan]], amongst others
| [[Terminian language|Terminian]] || Termic || 160,000,000 || [[Cerman]], [[Amerhan]], amongst others
|-
|-
| [[Sąñàwa language]] || Mañi || 30,000,000 (possibly more or less idk -den) || [[Kadya]] (South)
| [[Kwang language|Kwang]] || Quoncic || 95,000,000 (dialect chain) || [[Qonklaks]], [[Karduv]], [[Zaizung]], [[Quaxin Xun]] amongst others
|-
|-
| [[Teixo]] || Southern: Chixok || 20,000,000 || [[Magali]] (Southwest)
| [[Karduvic language|Karduvic]] || Quoncic || 36,000,000 || [[Karduv]], [[Qonklaks]] (Northeast)  
|-
|-
| [[Yavodna language]] || Kumadnyu || 15,000,000 || [[Magali]] (Northeast)
| [[Awatese language|Awatese]] || Mañic: Awato-Manean || 22,677,500 || [[Awating]]
|-
|-
| [[Hlung language]] || Mañi || 8,000,000 (idk -den) || [[Quaxin Xun]] (Southeast)
| [[Manean language|Manean]] || Mañic: Awato-Manean || 22,500,000 || [[Manea]]
|-
|-
| [[Ndxiixun language]] || Mañi: Tuŋñi || 8,000,000 (idk -den) || [[Quaxin Xun]] (Central)
| [[Standard Zaizung language|Zaizung]] || Mañic || 18,000,000 || [[Zaizung]]
|-
|-
| [[Xukaku language]] || Dapen || 8,000,000 || [[Magali]] (Northwest)
| [[Yachiroese language|Yachiroese]] || Mañic || 17,000,000 (could be wrong -log) || [[Yachiro]]
|-
|-
| [[Baridus language]] || Termic || 4,500,000 || [[Barradiwa]] ([[Baridia]])
| [[Hlung language|Hlung]] || Mañic || 15,200,000 || [[Quaxin Xun]] (Southeast)
|-
|-
| [[Xingap language]] || Dapen || 1,500,000 || [[Magali]] (Northwest)
| [[Yatååkåå language|Yatååkåå]] || Ounyu || 15,000,000 || [[Magali]] (Northeast), [[Shohai]] (Northwest)
|-
|-
| [[Red Ñiy language]] || Mañi: Ñiy || 800,000 || [[Awarahl]], [[Yaahaa Island]] (North)
| [[Ngkayanyawaanya language|Ngkayanyawaanya]] || Umic || 14,000,000 || [[Magali]] (Southwest)
|-
|-
| [[Jadama language]] || Hanangerupic: Northern Mountain || 35,000 || [[Magali]] (Central)
| [[Utoyyi language|Utoyyi]] || Termic: South Terminian || 10~15,000,000 (dialect chain) || Utol
|-
|-
| [[Uutama language]] || Hanangerupic: Northern Mountain || 2,500 || [[Magali]] (Central)
| [[Ndxiixun language|Ndxiixun]] || Mañic: Tuŋñi || 13,500,000 || [[Quaxin Xun]] (Central)
|-
| [[Maypaw language|Maypaw]] || Mañic || 9,300,000 || [[Quaxin Xun]] (Northwest)
|-
| [[Sąñàwa language|Sąñàwa]] || Mañic || 9,000,000 || [[Kadya]] (South), [[Xynderland|Seret]]
|-
| [[Lutyan language|Lutyan]] || Ghonoid || 8,400,000 || [[Lutya]]
|-
| [[Amerhani language|Amerhani]] || Termic || 4~6,000,000 (dialect chain) || [[Amerhan]]
|-
| [[Baridus language|Baridus]] || Termic || 4,300,000 || [[Barradiwa]] ([[Baridia]])
|-
| [[Nichoh language|Nichoh]] || Mañic: Tuŋñi || 3,600,000 || [[Quaxin Xun]] (West-central)
|-
| [[Yashuhay language|Yashuhay]] || Ounyu: Shohue || 2,000,000 || [[Shohai]] (Northwest)
|-
| [[Yako'e language|Yako'e]] || Ounyu: Shohue || 1,000,000 || [[Shohai]] (Central-south)
|-
| [[Ndawá language|Ndawá]] || Mañic || 825,000 || [[Magali]] (North), [[Awating]] (Far northwest)
|-
| [[Yachanooli language|Yachanooli]] || Mañic || 300,000 || [[Shohai]] (Northeast)
|-
| [[Ekerukoi language|Ekerukoi]] || Ounyu: Shohue || 100,000 || [[Shohai]] (Southwest)
|-
| [[Waľavaľwa language|Waľavaľwa]] || Ounyu || 95,000 || [[Quaxin Xun]] (Insular)
|-
| [[Ngigu language|Ngigu]] || Umic || 65,000 || [[Awating]] (South)
|-
| [[Erushka language|Erushka]] || Ghonoid: Erushkaic || 30,000 || [[Amerhan]] (West)
|-
| [[Kyathros language|Kyathros]] || Ounyu: Shohue || 15,000 || [[Amerhan]] (Northeast)
|-
| [[Bilemã language|Bilemã]] || Termic || 4,000 || [[Awating]] (Central-south)
|}
|}


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[[Wa Ñi language|Wa Ñi]]
[[Wa Ñi language|Wa Ñi]]
*[[Mañi language]]
*[[Proto-Kwang language|Proto-Kwang]]: ([[Kwangic languages]])
**[[Sąñàwa language]]
**[[Middle Kwang language|Middle Kwang]]
**[[Ñiy languages]]
***[[Kwang language|Standard Kwang]]
***[[Red Ñiy language]]  
***[[Awarahli Kwang language|Awarahli Kwang]]
**[[Hlung language]]
***[[Xuni Kwang language|Xuni Kwang]]
**[[Maypawh language]]
**[[Seang Pe language|Seang Pe]]
**[[Karduvic language|Karduvic]]
**[[Manean Kwang language|Manean Kwang]]
*[[Mañi language|Mañi]]: ([[Mañic languages]])
**[[Hlung language|Hlung]]
**[[Maypaw language|Maypaw]]
**[[Tuŋñi languages]]
**[[Tuŋñi languages]]
***[[Ndxiixun language]]
***[[Ndxiixun language|Ndxiixun]]
***[[Ñichôh language]]
***[[Ñichôh language|Ñichôh]]
**[[Yachiroese Language|Yachiroese language]]
**[[Zaizung Mañi languages]]
*[[Wan Ji language]]: [[Dapen languages]]
**[[Yachiroese Language|Yachiroese]]
**[[Dapen language]]
**[[Awato-Manean languages]]
***[[Xingap language]]
***[[Awatese language|Awatese]]
***[[Xukaku language]]
***[[Manean language|Manean]]
*[[Wanyima-Wanyuu language]]: [[Kumadnyu languages]] (name Kumadnyu comes from the Dapen word for 'new language', xumą́ñu, adapted into Yavodna)
***[[North Islander language]]
**[[Yavodna language]]
**[[Shohuese Mañi]]
***[[Yanudna dialect]]
***[[Yachanóoli language|Yachanóoli]]
*[[Va Ñi language]]: [[Hanangerupic languages]] (this term is used only by some specialists)
**[[Ndawá language|Ndawá]]
**[[Ejaako languages]]
*[[Wu Eendehen language|Wu Eendehen]]
**[[Northern Mountain languages]] (also known as the Havaa Car languages)
*[[Wanyima-Wanyuu language|Wanyima-Wanyuu]]: ([[Ounyu languages]])
***[[Jadama language]]
**[[Yatååkåå language|Yatååkåå]]
***[[Uutama language]]
**[[Waľavaľwa language|Waľavaľwa]]
*[[Ɔ Ñi language]]: [[Southern Ngerupic]]
**[[Vayama language|Vayama]]
**[[Iarisuko lects]]
**[[Aju-Ngajama language|Aju-Ngajama]]
***[[North Coast Ngerupic]]
**[[Classical Shohue language|Classical Shohue]] ([[Shohue languages]])
***[[The Sand Teeth]]: [[Chixok languages]]
***[[Yashuhay language|Yashuhay]]
****[[Mid-Lowland lects]]
***[[Yako'e language|Yako'e]]
****[[Teixo]]  
***[[Kyathros language|Kyathros]]
*****[[Bafeio dialect]]
***[[Ekerukoi language|Ekerukoi]]
***[[Amerhani Ngerupic languages]]
*[[Uemaua language|Uemaua]]: ([[Umic languages]])
**[[Mountain Ngerupic languages]]
**[[Ngigu language|Ngigu]]
*[[Terminian language#Old Terminian|Old Terminian language]] ([[Termic languages]])
**[[Ngkayanyawaanya language|Ngkayanyawaanya]]
**[[Terminian language#Middle Terminian|Middle Terminian language]]
*[[Ghoni language|Ghoni]] ([[Ghonoid languages]])
***[[Terminian language]]
**[[Classical Lutyan language|Classical Lutyan]]
***[[Proper Amerhani language]]
***[[Lutyan language|Lutyan]]
***[[Utoyan language]]
*[[Old Terminian language|Old Terminian]] ([[Termic languages]])
**[[Vulgar Amerhani language]]
**[[Middle Terminian language|Middle Terminian]]
**[[Baridus language]]
***[[Terminian language|Terminian]]
***[[Amerhani language|Amerhani]]
**[[Baridus language|Baridus]]
**[[Bilemã language|Bilemã]]
**[[Utoyyi language|Utoyyi]]


==Typology==
==Typology==
Line 106: Line 147:
*marked mood on verb
*marked mood on verb


[[Category:Ngerupic languages]]
==Comparison==
 
<gallery mode=packed heights=600>
NgupSet pray.png|IPA comparison of ''*pray'' reflexes
NgupSet cexoco.png|IPA comparison of the numeral 'ten' (''*cexoco'')
</gallery>
 
==Further Reading==
{{Ngerupic languages}}
{{Language families of Miraria}}
{{Language families}}
 
[[Category:Ngerupic languages|*]]
[[Category:Language families]]
[[Category:Language families]]
[[Category:Miraria]]
[[Category:Language families of Akulanen]]
[[Category:Akulanen]]
[[Category:Language families of Soltenna]]
[[Category:Language families of Ekuosia]]

Latest revision as of 19:54, 27 October 2023

Ngerupic
Geographic
distribution:		Akulanen, Soltenna and Ekuosia
Linguistic classification:One of Sahar's primary language families
Proto-language:Wa Ñi
CWS code–

The Ngerupic languages are a language family comprising about 100 languages of southwestern Miraria, primarily the Akulanen and Soltenna regions, which are all descended from Wa Ñi. They are spoken by about 500 million people in total. The official languages of Amerhan, Awarahl, Cerman, Kadya, Karduv, Lutya, Magali, Shohai, Utol, Quaxin Xun, Qonklaks, Yachiro, and Zaizung are Ngerupic, while Ngerupic languages are spoken by substantial populations in Barradiwa, Riyana, and Bosato.

Since Wa Ñi was spoken around 5000 years ago, the present-day languages have diverged substantially. Magali is the area of greatest diversity, with more than half the Ngerupic languages spoken there. Due to the expansion of Yatååkåå within Magali, the regions of greatest diversity are the relatively inaccessible mountainous central and northwest regions of Magali. Other regions with many smaller Ngerupic languages include Shohai and Awarahl.

The most-spoken Ngerupic languages on Sahar are Terminian, Awatese, Yatååkåå, Karduvic and Kwang, each with more than 10 million speakers. In contrast, many Ngerupic languages of Awarahl, northwestern Amerhan and rural Magali are highly endangered, with less than a hundred thousand speakers each.

Languages

Language Classification Number of native speakers Location
Terminian Termic 160,000,000 Cerman, Amerhan, amongst others
Kwang Quoncic 95,000,000 (dialect chain) Qonklaks, Karduv, Zaizung, Quaxin Xun amongst others
Karduvic Quoncic 36,000,000 Karduv, Qonklaks (Northeast)
Awatese Mañic: Awato-Manean 22,677,500 Awating
Manean Mañic: Awato-Manean 22,500,000 Manea
Zaizung Mañic 18,000,000 Zaizung
Yachiroese Mañic 17,000,000 (could be wrong -log) Yachiro
Hlung Mañic 15,200,000 Quaxin Xun (Southeast)
Yatååkåå Ounyu 15,000,000 Magali (Northeast), Shohai (Northwest)
Ngkayanyawaanya Umic 14,000,000 Magali (Southwest)
Utoyyi Termic: South Terminian 10~15,000,000 (dialect chain) Utol
Ndxiixun Mañic: Tuŋñi 13,500,000 Quaxin Xun (Central)
Maypaw Mañic 9,300,000 Quaxin Xun (Northwest)
Sąñàwa Mañic 9,000,000 Kadya (South), Seret
Lutyan Ghonoid 8,400,000 Lutya
Amerhani Termic 4~6,000,000 (dialect chain) Amerhan
Baridus Termic 4,300,000 Barradiwa (Baridia)
Nichoh Mañic: Tuŋñi 3,600,000 Quaxin Xun (West-central)
Yashuhay Ounyu: Shohue 2,000,000 Shohai (Northwest)
Yako'e Ounyu: Shohue 1,000,000 Shohai (Central-south)
Ndawá Mañic 825,000 Magali (North), Awating (Far northwest)
Yachanooli Mañic 300,000 Shohai (Northeast)
Ekerukoi Ounyu: Shohue 100,000 Shohai (Southwest)
Waľavaľwa Ounyu 95,000 Quaxin Xun (Insular)
Ngigu Umic 65,000 Awating (South)
Erushka Ghonoid: Erushkaic 30,000 Amerhan (West)
Kyathros Ounyu: Shohue 15,000 Amerhan (Northeast)
Bilemã Termic 4,000 Awating (Central-south)

Taxonomy

The first-order daughters of Wa Ñi seem to have formed a dialect continuum, with subsequent diversification especially in northwest and central Magali. The most commonly agreed-upon taxonomy of Ngerupic languages runs as follows, with primary branches from north to south:

Wa Ñi

Typology

Ngerupic languages are extremely diverse in typology, but some common characteristics are:

  • small phonemic inventories, with little phonation contrast
  • many sonorants, especially laterals and rhotics
  • tone
  • nasalized vowels
  • simple syllable structure
  • noun classes with distinct singular and plural classes
  • subject and possibly object prefixes on verbs
  • compounding as main form of derivation
  • head-initial
  • marked mood on verb

Comparison

  • IPA comparison of *pray reflexes

  • IPA comparison of the numeral 'ten' (*cexoco)

Further Reading

Retrieved from "https://wiki.conworkshop.com/index.php?title=Ngerupic_languages&oldid=75690"